tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33397498303242410342024-03-12T16:03:02.704-07:00Writing an interview essayAnime Essay Topicwendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.comBlogger80125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-67649002409103516172020-09-03T20:44:00.001-07:002020-09-03T20:44:04.803-07:00Did the wall street crash cause the great deppression?In the initiating exposition, I will assess whether the Wall road crash caused the Great Depression or not. I will talk about whether is has had a significant influence in the Great Depression, regardless of whether it was only a minor episode. The Wall Street Crash was a pivotal turning point in the American monetary history. It happened on October 29, 1929. Prior to this, the American economy was blasting. During the 1920's, share costs were quickly expanding and organizations were doing quite well. The picture the world got from America was that that everybody was rich, which wasn't. The ranchers were given extremely modest quantities of cash for their work. This implied individuals had more cash so more items were being sold. There was a great deal of hypothesis that offer costs would keep on rising. Be that as it may, in 1929, the securities exchanges started to fall significantly and caused destroying consequences for the American economy. This was the start of dependable ramifications for the entire nation, and the world. The Great Depression was a long steady period wherein America endured incredible financial downturn, during which money related movement eased back down and joblessness was high. America had a high pace of starvation, vagrancy and destitution. Individuals were living in helpless conditions with next to no cash. There were a couple of reasons for the Wall road crash. One was overproduction. All through the 1920's there was a man known as Henry Ford created vehicles at a very quick rate. The measure of products created by the business was expanding particularly these auto mobiles,l and shopper merchandise. In any case, this was halted from the 1930's. Because of overproduction, there was insufficient riches for individuals to continue purchasing. The subsequent reason was the shortcoming in banks. Toward the beginning of 1920, there were 30,000 autonomous banks. A large portion of these were little banks, in provincial zones. They were at risk to being pulled back advances by their clients in huge sums. after 10 years, 5000 banks were gone, which was 1/sixth of the nation's banks. Another fundamental explanation was the amazingly lopsided disseminations in salary. In 1929, an amazing 1/3 of the nation's riches had a place with only 5% of the populace. Implying that only 2/3 had a place with 95%. This was a factor of overproduction as constrained measure of individuals in the nation could manage the cost of new items. Presumably the fundamental motivation behind why the Wall Street Crash happened was that there was a global issue with the economy. The capacity of the European nation's having the option to offer merchandise to America and getting them out with obligations, was restricted by a Tariff strategy which was presented. This arrangement (Smoot-Hawley Tariff) was expanding the expense on imports. Therefore they were not helped and guaranteed by European nations with exchanges. This Wall Street Crash affected numerous things. Just as the financial defeat, it additionally made banks come to chapter 11. Individuals obtained cash from the banks, and when the Wall Street crash occurred, they couldn't take care of the banks. More than $8.5 billion was credited out, which is much more than the whole American economy. This incredible accident additionally influenced the regular daily existences of the American residents. More than 20 million American residents lived on $2000 every year. Individuals lost their positions in light of the fact that the business they worked for couldn't bear the cost of their wages. So individuals started to work in the farming. Additionally, all organizations were attempting to get by in this accident. Offer costs expanded quickly, and the organizations couldn't pay for their stock. This was a cycle which incurred on one another, and every one began from the other. The Wall road Crash itself was not the sole explanation of the Great Depression. There was extreme dry season in the 1930 in the USA, which affected America much more. On the off chance that the ranchers couldn't develop crops, how might they get cash, and feed their families? On the off chance that the organizations don't get the harvests, how might they have the option to continue getting benefits? Accordingly, these ranchers needed to sell their territory. This was when acclaimed writer John Steinbeck composed the book ââ¬ËThe Grapes of Wrath', which depended on this dry season. Likewise, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff as referenced above, was an imperative part in this downturn, as exchanges were constrained. In decision about whether the Wall Street Crash caused the Great Depression, by and by I accept that the Wall Street Crash was not the sole purpose behind the Great Depression, however was certainly the primary explanation. In the event that there was no monetary ruin, the Great Depression would not have occurred. The Wall road crash opened entryways for a wide range of issues, for example, chapter 11. On the off chance that the Wall road crash itself didn't occur, these things would not have happened. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-46675064971203549622020-09-02T15:47:00.001-07:002020-09-02T15:47:08.837-07:00Battle of Monmouth in the American RevolutionClash of Monmouth in the American Revolution The Battle of Monmouth was battled on June 28, 1778, during the American Revolution (1775 to 1783). Significant General Charles Leeâ commanded 12,000 men of the Continental Army under the administration of General George Washington. For the British,à General Sir Henry Clintonâ commanded 11,000 men under the administration ofà Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis. The climate was amazingly hot during the battle,â and nearly the same number of officers passed on from heatstroke as from fight. Foundation With the French passage into the American Revolution in February 1778, British technique in America started to move as the war turned out to be progressively worldwide in nature. Therefore, the recently delegated officer of the British Army in America, General Sir Henry Clinton, got requests to dispatch some portion of his powers toward the West Indies and Florida. In spite of the fact that the British had caught the dissident capital of Philadelphia in 1777, Clinton, prospective short on men, chose to desert the city the accompanying spring to concentrate on securing his base at New York City. Evaluating the circumstance, he initially needed to pull back his military via ocean, yet a deficiency of transports constrained him to design a walk north. On June 18, 1778, Clinton started clearing the city, with his soldiers crossing Delaware at Coopers Ferry. Moving upper east, Clinton at first proposed to walk overland to New York, however later picked to move towardà Sandy Hook and take pontoons to the city. Washingtons Plan While the British started arranging their takeoff from Philadelphia, General George Washingtons armed force was still at its winter quarters place to stay at Valley Forge, where it had been indefatigably bored and prepared by Baron von Steuben.à Learning of Clintons expectations, Washington tried to connect with the British before they could arrive at the security of New York. While a large number of Washingtons officials supported this forceful methodology, Major General Charles Lee arduously protested. An as of late discharged POW and a foe of Washingtons, Lee contended that the French partnership implied triumph over the long haul and that it was absurd to submit the military to fight except if they had overpowering predominance over the foe. Gauging the contentions, Washington chose for seek after Clinton. In New Jersey, Clintons walk was moving gradually because of a broad things train. Showing up at Hopewell, NJ, on June 23, Washington held a gathering of war. Lee by and by contended against a significant assault, and this time figured out how to influence his authority. Energized to a limited extent by proposals made by Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, Washington chose rather to send a power of 4,000 men to bother Clintons rearguard. Because of his rank in the military, Lee was offered order of this power by Washington. Lacking trust in the arrangement, Lee declined this offer and it was given to the Marquis de Lafayette. Later in the day, Washington augmented the power to 5,000. After hearing this, Lee adjusted his perspective and requested that he be provided order, which he got with exacting requests that he was to hold a gathering of his officials to decide the arrangement of assault. Dregs Attack and Retreat On June 28, Washington got word from the New Jersey local army that the British were progressing. Coordinating Lee forward, he educated him to strike the flank of the British as they walked up Middletown Road. This would stop the adversary and permit Washington to raise the fundamental body of the military. Lee obeyed Washingtons before request and held a meeting with his administrators. Instead of conceiving an arrangement, he instructed them to be alert for orders during the fight. Around 8 p.m. on June 28, Lees section experienced the British back watchman under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis only north of Monmouth Court House. As opposed to dispatch an organized assault, Lee submitted his soldiers piecemeal and immediately lost control of the circumstance. Following a couple of long stretches of battling, the British moved to flank Lees line. Seeing this development, Lee arranged a general retreat up the Freehold Meeting House-Monmouth Court House Road in the wake of offering little opposition. Washington to the Rescue While Lees power was drawing in Cornwallis, Washington was raising the fundamental armed force. Riding forward, he experienced the escaping officers from Lees order. Shocked by the circumstance, he found Lee and requested to comprehend what had occurred. In the wake of getting no palatable answer, Washington censured Lee in one of only a handful barely any occasions in which he swore freely. Excusing his subordinate, Washington set to revitalizing Lees men. Requesting Wayne to set up a line north of the street to slow the British development, he attempted to build up a protective line along a hedgerow. These endeavors held off the British long enough to permit the military to take up positions toward the west, behind the West Ravine. Moving into place, the line saw Major General William Alexanders men on the left and Major General Nathanael Greenes troops to one side. The line was upheld toward the south by cannons on Combs Hill. Falling back to the primary armed force, the leftovers of Lees powers, presently drove by Lafayette, re-framed to the back of the new American line with the British in interest. The preparation and control ingrained by von Steuben at Valley Forge delivered profits, and the Continental soldiers had the option to battle the British regulars to a halt. Late toward the evening, with the two sides bloodied and exhaustedâ from the late spring heat, the British severed the fight and pulled back toward New York. Washington wished to proceed with the interest, however his men were excessively depleted and Clinton had arrived at the wellbeing of Sandy Hook. The Legend of Molly Pitcher While a considerable lot of the insights about the contribution of a Molly Pitcher in the battling at Monmouth have been decorated or are in debate, it appears there was without a doubt a lady who carried water to American artillerymen during the fight. This would have been no little accomplishment, as it was urgently required not exclusively to reduce the mens enduring in the serious warmth yet in addition to clean the firearms during the reloading procedure. In one adaptation of the story, Molly Pitcher even took over from her significant other on a weapon team when he fell, either injured or from heatstroke. It is accepted that Mollys genuine name wasà Mary Hayes McCauly, however, once more, the specific subtleties and degree of her help during the fight is obscure. Consequence Losses for the Battle of Monmouth, as revealed by every officer, were 69 executed in fight, 37 dead from heatstroke, 160 injured, and 95 missing for the Continental Army. English setbacks included 65 executed in fight, 59 dead from heatstroke, 170 injured, 50 caught, and 14 missing. In the two cases, these numbers are traditionalist and misfortunes were more probable 500 to 600 for Washington and more than 1,100 for Clinton. The fight was the last significant commitment battled in the northern performance center of the war. From there on, the British stayed in New York and moved their regard for the southern provinces. Following the fight, Lee mentioned a court-military to demonstrate that he was honest of any bad behavior. Washington obliged and documented proper charges. A month and a half later, Lee was seen as liable and suspended from the administration. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-61975548166513528172020-08-22T20:40:00.001-07:002020-08-22T20:40:23.389-07:00Critical Analysis of Porphyria’s LoverMichelle Padgett English 102 Ms. Riggs 3 March 2013 Critical Analysis of ââ¬Å"Porphyriaââ¬â¢s Loverâ⬠by Robert Browning Robert Browning composed ââ¬Å"Porphyriaââ¬â¢s Loverâ⬠during the 1830s. The speaker is Porphyriaââ¬â¢s darling and he talks in a serious tone. The sonnet never unveils the two charactersââ¬â¢ genuine names. The state of mind is terrible and gloomy all through the entire sonnet. The speaker in the sonnet appears through numerous ways that Porphyria longed for her passing, through the immediacy of her homicide, his serious disposition, her wiped out manifestations, and the grin that was all over when she was killed.The state of mind is bleak and despairing. It starts with a portrayal of a tempest drawing nearer. This sets the general tone of the sonnet. ââ¬Å"The downpour set from the get-go in this evening,/The bleak breeze was before long alert,/It tore the elm-best down for demonstrate hatred for,/And did its most exceedingly awful to ve x the lake:â⬠(698). The speaker is by all accounts feeling grave since he is bothered with what he is going to do. He is setting himself up for the awful wrongdoing he should submit. At the point when Porphyria sits next to him, he doesn't react to her when she addresses him. Furthermore, last, she plunked somewhere around my side/And called me. At the point when no voice answered,/She put my arm about her waistâ⬠(699). The speaker indicates that something isn't right with Porphyria. He expresses that she has energy for him, however is too feeble to even consider expressing it, despite the fact that she has done as such previously. ââ¬Å"Murmuring how she adored meââ¬she/Too feeble, for all her heartââ¬â¢s try,/To set its battling enthusiasm freeâ⬠(699). Disease is obvious in Porphyria when her darling cases that she is pale and his adoration for her was ââ¬Å"all in vainâ⬠(699). An abrupt idea of one so paleâ⬠(699). His adoration for her was purposel ess and miserable as a result of her bombing wellbeing and he realized they would not be together for any longer. The speaker was not yet settled on what he needed to do with their circumstance. ââ¬Å"Porphyria venerated me: shock/Made my heart swell, and still it developed/While I discussed what to doâ⬠(699). The demonstration of ending her life was unconstrained, a last minute choice. Despite the fact that her passing was inescapable, he had not known the way to which her destruction would be done. I found/An activity, and all her hair/In one long yellow string I wound/Multiple times her little throat around,â⬠(699). The word ââ¬Å"foundâ⬠shows that he didn't design out her passing heretofore. After he murders her, he persuades himself that she felt no torment. This demonstrates he didn't do it because of outrage or retribution. ââ¬Å"No torment felt she;/I am very certain she felt no painâ⬠(699). The sweetheart watchfully opened her eyes and he saw no faul t in them, just bliss. He portrayed her blue eyes as chuckling which uncovers what she feels in the last snapshots of her life. I watchfully oped her covers: once more/Laughed the blue eyes without a stainâ⬠(699). He then loosened up her tresses from around her neck and gave her a ââ¬Å"burning kissâ⬠loaded up with all the affection he had for her (699). He sits with Porphyriaââ¬â¢s head laying on his shoulder while she despite everything grin. ââ¬Å"The grinning blushing little head,/So happy it had its most extreme willâ⬠(699). Porphyriaââ¬â¢s will was to bite the dust, however to not know when or how she would. This makes the immediacy of the demonstration even more reasonable. The speaker calls it her ââ¬Å"darling one wishâ⬠making it even more significant and extraordinary (700).The speaker couldn't release her, much after her passing. ââ¬Å"He should and has without a doubt decided to sit inside the domain of the agonizing feeling that his demon stration of allowing her last wish troubled him withâ⬠(Best). His demonstration of adoration weights and renders him incapable to give up his affection right now. ââ¬Å"And consequently we sat together now,/And throughout the night we have not stirredâ⬠(700). Porphyriaââ¬â¢s passing was simply to the point that ââ¬Å"God has not let out the slightest peep! â⬠(700). His activities were morally right and not one God from any religion would differ and rebuff him for it.Robert Brownââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Porphyriaââ¬â¢s Loverâ⬠is exceptionally misconstrued in its significance. The speaker is viewed as a crazy person, when truly, he is a man confronted with an errand that he should concede unto his affection. Earthy colored sets up the play as melancholy when he composes that a tempest if quick drawing nearer and the breeze is blowing so hard that the trees are bowing. The sweetheart thinks that its difficult to address Porphyria since he is confronted with a terri ble circumstance. Her homicide was settled on with a split choice and completed with incredible regret. He even comments upon her pale face, indicating that she is sick.After her passing, she has a grin all over and her eyes are giggling. This is an indication that she wanted for her own effortless demise to get away from a frightful one not far off. His adoration for was incredible to the point that even the Gods couldn't protest him murdering her. Works Cited Best, J. T. ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËPorphyria's Loverââ¬â¢ â⬠Vastly Misunderstood Poetry. â⬠The Victorian Web. N. p. 8 June 2007. Web. 6 March 2013. Cooking, Robert. ââ¬Å"Porphyriaââ¬â¢s Lover. â⬠1836. Conservative Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. eighth ed. Ed. Kirszner and Mandell. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. 698-700. Print. Padgett wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-28167731411555940702020-08-22T16:12:00.001-07:002020-08-22T16:12:43.079-07:00OJ Simpson's Rise to Fall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsOJ Simpson's Rise to Fall - Essay Example Notwithstanding, in spite of this quittance, his name had been discolored and there were not many individuals that had confidence in his honesty. Actually, in interviews that followed the preliminary, a few of the legal hearers even voiced their suppositions that they trusted Simpson had likely dedicated the homicides however because of blunders in proof taking care of they had delivered a decision of blamelessness. However, Simpson was discovered blameless in the criminal preliminary this was not the last time he would show up in court with respect to the homicides. In 1997, subsequent to being sued for harms in a common preliminary by both the Brown and Goldman families, Simpson was discovered at risk for improper demise and was requested to pay $33.5 million dollars to the two families. After both the crook and common preliminaries Simpson proceeded to live as a liberated person. Depictions were regularly taken of him getting a charge out of time with companions, spending evenings on the fairway, or picnicking with his kids. Photographs persuade that Simpson had continued carrying on with an ordinary life yet this was not the situation. People in general had betrayed him. He thought that it was hard to look for some kind of employment. His vocation, as he knew it, was finished. His supports were no more. He was not, at this point an individual people respected, and barely any individuals needed to have their names connected to anything to do with Simpson. He owed a lot of cash to legal counselors, the groups of the people in question, and his youngsters. The sort of fame Simpson had gotten familiar with in earlier years had finished. The main kind of exposure he presently got was negative. He turned into a humiliation and a joke of the legal framework. He lost his f an base and had not many important supporters. With little salary he could no longer get by and in the long run sought financial protection. Simpson turned into a minor, disgraceful, and terrible shadow of the renowned competitor and on-screen character that he used to be. His legitimate issues didn't stop after the homicide yet rather he wound up under the magnifying instrument over and over. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-72186812459379823202020-08-21T18:22:00.001-07:002020-08-21T18:22:14.339-07:00Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Research PaperMigration and Customs Enforcement Agency - Research Paper Example In any case, the office has a third directorate that is the Management and Administration. The Directorate jobs are the issuance of expert strategic and the executives for the organization to meet its objectives. The Enforcement and Removal Operations job is authorizing the United States migration laws in a compelling and reasonable way. It, along these lines, distinguishes and captures removable outsiders. Besides, they can either confine or evacuate the illicit workers in the nation where important. The directorateââ¬â¢s need is to catch, capture, and evacuate sentenced crooks that are considered as a national security danger. They likewise manage the outskirt participants, criminals, and those looking for refuge in the United States. Country Security Investigations directorates job is to examine the exercises that emerge because of illicit development of good and individuals out, into, or inside the United States. The exercises to be examined can either be universal or local. I n conclusion, the Management and Administration Directorate is made of expert staff and supervisors whose job is to guarantee that the office meets it set objectives. à The United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency are multi-faceted accordingly tending to a few issues in a go. Its work isn't restricted to law authorization of movement issues. In clarification, the traditions authorization takes a critical portion of the agencyââ¬â¢s spending plan. The office, consequently, doesn't manage migration yet in addition the traditions benefits that incorporate the section at the ports, requirement of the licensed innovation, exploring of youngster erotic entertainment issues, and universal concealment of groups (U.S. Movement and Customs Enforcement). The office likewise assumes different jobs like wiping out human dealing, directing load assessment, restoring the discovered taken artifacts, and forbidding weapons, drugs, mass money, and other carried substances. à wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-75755706514204693192020-08-21T13:54:00.001-07:002020-08-21T13:54:40.407-07:00Business Ethics â⬠Profit vs. Csr Essay Sample free essay sampleIn todayââ¬â¢s globalized universe where free market financial frameworks are the main thrust behind organizations constant pursue of amplification of total compensations. at that spot is by all accounts an away from of cultural qualities and committedness to working society. This exposition will turn the obvious radiation on how concern organisationsââ¬â¢ extreme object is to deliver total compensations and CSR exercises are optional if non regularly disregarded. The article has the spot that CSR endeavors are late being recognized as non only great to society however every piece great to worry over the long haul. The temptation of rapid total compensations has now provably throb the validity of huge worries with dark impacts for concern each piece great as society. In short. concern closes should dynamically consider the to be of all partners as all of import if societyââ¬â¢s religion in showcase entrepreneur economy is non to be completely relinquished. We will compose a custom article test on Business Ethics â⬠Profit versus Csr Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Thus in this paper I will reason for CSR undertakings and how organizations today can non last without convey throughing certain obligations they have towards society. Presently. letââ¬â¢s Begin by understanding the purpose of position of observed American monetary master Milton Friedman. he accepted that amplification of net gain is the cardinal drivers or cardinal premises in a free market financial framework and that corporate administrators were workers of the owners of the worry and that their cultural obligation is towards the investors of the organization and expanding investors esteem. In short. he contended that the cultural obligation of any worry was to deliver total compensations as progressively overall gains would take to higher profits or capital handle. ( Milton Friedman. The New York Times Magazine. thirteenth September. 1970 ) Letââ¬â¢s take an articulation at probably the biggest occasion of chapter 11 that started off the most exceedingly terrible financial emergency in America and universe over. The Lehman Brothers insolvency occurrence carried the full universe to a gridlock. the organization hauled the full universe int o a monetary emergency with more than 26000 representatives losing occupations and 1000000s of speculators lost pretty much the entirety of their cash and this happened in light of the fact that Lehman Brothers had obtained huge measures of cash to support their various investings and in the technique were overstating the overall gains in their accounting reports. ( CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. 22nd April. 2012 ) Henceforth. in my position Milton Friedmanââ¬â¢s articulation on amplification of net gain being the restrictive obligation of a worry needs a genuine reconsidering as the ââ¬ËLehman Brothers momentââ¬â¢ non only prompted an enormous monetary surrender yet next to hauled the United States into a downturn. So taking a gander at it from the purpose of position of a worry attempt. the moral scrape would be whether to make maximal total compensations for investors as they a companyââ¬â¢s closing obligation is towards them or to find some kind of harmony between net gain coevals each piece great as moving out cultural obligations keeping up in head the general public at large. Be that as it may. moving out CSR exercises can take to a few advantages for an organization and enveloping such exercises can help their anxiety in grouped manners. Letââ¬â¢s have an articulation at a portion of the advantages arsing from CSR undertakings: â⬠¢Brand separation? organizations set abouting CSR endeavors will in general happen their ain alone way of situating their exchange name and a chance to separate themselves from other exchange names. by and by in the occasion of Coke and Pepsi. both embraced they ain assaults to CSR by following a plan of zero net H2O utilize and bring forthing bottles made out of manageable bundling. Despite the fact that in their example since the two organizations are practicing comparable CSR exercises they may happen it hard to recognize their exchange names however in the long count they would arraign CSR exercises really rather than just from the purpose of position of exposure. â⬠¢Engaging the client? Organizations today. indict CSR exercises so as to arraign customers and do them aware about certain natural risks and how they have to do the correct picks while buying stocks. Subsequently. by making so they are using the intensity of notice to propel their CSR exercises and make a picture of a socially dependable exchange name the eyes of purchasers. An outline of such an organization is Walmart, that made advertisement runs that were worked around making. cognizance about nature and product picks shoppers ought to do â⬠¢Cost investment funds? reducing down expenses of creation is one of the ways by which organizations can get down their excursion in manageability that is by either utilizing less bundling or less vitality. A CSR concentrate in 2011 proposes that General Mills set aside to $ 600. 000 by put ining vitality regulating meters on a few gear pieces. ( James Epstein-Reeves. Forbes. 21st February. 2012 ) Thus the previously mentioned focuses are away from of organizations that have profited by CSR exercises and in twist have given to society in a specific way. These representations are away from of the way that an organization does non require to hold only one plan and that is benefit amplification. as by indicting CSR endeavors they are non only doing total compensations however are benefiting from a cluster of different aspects, for example, cooperative attitude. improved exchange name picture and a more extensive pool of customers in the method. In a way one can utilize the valuabl e assault to organizations indicting CSR exercises. Utilitarianism recommends that judgments refering to a worry are legitimate just if those conclusions make the best useful for the best figure of people ( EBEN Research Conference. Dublin. eighth â⬠tenth June 2012 ) subsequently when organizations enjoy CSR endeavors where they are either touchy to the earth or enjoy exercises that help in the upliftment of the more fragile developments of society they are in twist making the maximal great. Utilization of CSR in Marketing Known to man of promoting where an army exchange names exist in a given class. organizations discover it profoundly hard to separate themselves from their opponents and consequently today organizations have begun using CSR endeavors as way to propel themselves and spot themselves as an increasingly supportable or condition cordial exchange name. Purchasers today are going increasingly witting about the various natural risks and with the media examining every single move of good realized exchange names. shoppers are simple refreshed on the most recent insight about organizations and in this manner nil stays escaped them. Thus. in such a situation organizations utilize their commercial and offering endeavors to propel all their CSR exercises in order to make a specific picture in the leaders of the customers. In my position. commonly organizations wind up working these CSR undertakings by using them as an apparatus to help through their selling requests. In Decision Be that as it may. so as to be socially mindful organizations need to really indict CSR exercises and non use them to use their self image associations. Organizations ought to use commercial to do customers increasingly witting about their condition and the significance of saving assets. Organizations could other than use their offering endeavors to enlighten customers on how their examples being developed of stocks are practical and how the organization is profoundly witting about getting along ideal utilization of assets without over working them. In a perfect situation. this is the manner by which organizations ought to change their selling exercises in order to extend a picture of beingsocially dependable. Book reference â⬠¢http:/www. Colorado. edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business. html â⬠¢http:/www. cbsnews. com/8301-18560_162-57417397/the-body of evidence against-lehman-siblings/â⬠¢http:/www. forbes. com/destinations/csr/2012/02/21/six-reasons-organizations should-grasp csr/â⬠¢http:/ebeni. wordpress. com/choices/speculations/outcomes/utiliarianism/ wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-14291777386541309122020-06-20T15:58:00.001-07:002020-06-20T15:58:02.955-07:00Economics Term Paper - 550 WordsEconomics (Term Paper Sample) Content: EconomicsName:Grade Course:Tutors Name:Date:EconomicsElasticity of demand is the degree to which demand for goods or services varies with its price. Normally, sales increases with a drop in price and drop with increase in price. Price elasticity of demand (PED)= % change in quantity demanded / % change in price. If PED=0, then the good is perfectly inelastic. If 0PED1 in absolute value, then the good is relative inelastic. If 1PED in absolute value, then the good is relative elastic. If the PED=, then the good is perfectly elastic. The rate of response of quantity demanded of one good due to a price change of another is called the cross-price elasticity. If two goods are substitutes, the demand of one good will increase when the price of the other good increases. When two good are compliments, the demand of one good will go down when the price of another good increases (Samwelson, 2001). Cross-price elasticity for two goods X and Y is Exy= % change in the quantit y X demanded/% change in the price of YIf Exy 0, ie Exy less than 0, then X and Y are complements. When the price of X increases, the demand of Y decreases and vice versa. If Exy=0, then X and Y are independent. As the price of X increases, the demand of Y remains constant.If Exy 0, then X and Yare substitutes. When the price of X increase, the demand of Y increases and vice versa.Income elasticity of demand is the measure of the rate of response of quantity demand due to an increase or a fall in the consumer income. Income elasticity of demand (IEoD)= % change in quantity demanded/ % change in income If IEoD1 then the good is a luxury and its demand decreases when the consumer income goes down and increases when consumer income goes up. If 0 IEoD1, then the good is normal and a necessity. It is not much affected by change in consumer income. If IEoD0, then the good is an inferior good. Its demand goes down when the consumer income goes up. This is because the consumer will shift to luxury good. If IEoD=0, then the good is not affected by the shifts in the consumer income (inelastic demand).Whereas, in the price elasticity of demand we measure the responsiveness of the demand of a good due to changes in its price, in cross-price elasticity we measure the responsiveness of demand of a good due to changes in the prices of other goods. The other goods, in this instance may be substitutes or complementary goods. In contrast with these two instances, the income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand relative to changes in the consumer income levels. We try to answer the question, how would the demand of good X respond to a change in the income level of the consumer?The elasticity therefore is significant to the producers because it enables them to determine the relationships between the pricing and the total company revenue. It enables them to know the extent to which high pricing can compromise the demand of their goods and revenue. It can a lso help in determining the complimentary goods so that the company may start producing them together. It is also important in analysing time lags in production.Availability of substitutes makes demand for a particular good more elastic. This is because the consumers have alternatives and can easily shift if pricing is not appealing to them. When the proportion of the consumer's income expressed in percentage terms against the product's price is high, the elasticity is also high as consumers will give more consideration and will be more sensitive to its price when making a decision on whether to buy or not. Generally, product demand is more elastic when there is longer time period for consideration and search for substitutes. Consumers often need time to adjust to changes in prices. Price elasticity of demand is greater if longer time period is involved (Samwelson, 2001). For the case of substitutes, an example is that if the price of chicken goes up, people may resort to eating fis h if its price is relatively low. Therefore businesses that sell chicken should include the fish sellers in their list of competitors. If price of a rented house is 30% of the tenants income, it is likely the tenant will react more furiously when there is rent increase as compared to a tenant whose rent to salary proportion is 1%. This means that analysing the customers income should be part of the companys market strategies. As fuel prices rise suddenly, consumers may still refill their tanks in the short run. However, when prices continue to remain high over a longer period of time, many people will curtail their demand by changing to carpooling or public transportation and purchasing vehicles with greater fuel economy. This may not apply to the consumer durables like cars. However consumers may have to replace their present cars with more economical ones, making the demand less elastic.In business decision making, strategists should carry out operations research to determine the optimal pricing that would bring maximum profits (Samwelson, 2001).Perfectly inelastic demand means that quantity demanded is unaffected by any change in price. The product does not have any substitutes and irrespective of the price consumers keep purchasing the same quantity. The elasticity coefficient is zero. In other words, the quantity is essentially fixed. It does not matter how much price changes, quantity does not budge. When demand is perfectly elastic the quantity demanded will remain constant at the equilibrium price and an increase in price will make the consumers stop buying the item... wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-53380754403282095042020-05-30T18:36:00.001-07:002020-05-30T18:36:02.845-07:00Health Sciences and Medicine Health Promotion Program - 2475 WordsHealth Sciences and Medicine: Health Promotion Program (Essay Sample) Content: Health promotion programStudentà ¢Ã¢â ¬s nameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â ¬s nameUnit codeDate of submissionAbstractTobacco smoking is one of the major causes of deaths in the world affecting both gender and people of all ages. Respiratory diseases and lung cancer are associated with smoking and can be prevented through adoption of healthy lifestyle. It is important to note that prevention is better strategy than quitting smoking. This is because cigarette smoke has active compound called nicotine that is responsible for addictiveness. This health promotion program is aimed at prevention of new cases of tobacco smoking as well as helping smokers quit. Behavior change model that will be adopted is social norms theory that focuses on clearing misperception and promoting change of behavior. The study will be conducted for period of six months whereby school, community and government will be involved. At the end of study period, various approaches and programs will be evaluated for effectiveness and various recommendations made. Best practices from the study will be passed to other parts of Toronto as well as Canada as whole. This health promotion program will in the long run empower Canadians economically.IntroductionToronto will be the city where study on tobacco addiction will be conducted and health program developed to reduce the menace. Toronto is one of the most populous cities in Canada with population of over 2.7 million people. It is rich in culture with higher number of races and more than 140 languages are spoken in Toronto. Diversity in Toronto city is attributed to people migrating from various parts of the world including; China, England, France, Spain, Scotland, Ireland and Britain. The most widely spoken language is English while Christianity is reported to be the largest faith amongst Toronto residents. It is internationally recognized for commercial services including business and finance and social aspects such as arts and culture, movi e and television programs production, festival and sport activities. The city is situated in Southern Ontario near shores of Lake Ontario.Tobacco addiction will be the center of the study though there are several mental illness and addiction reported in Canada. Depression and anxiety causes impaired functioning of the affected. Mental illness and addiction are closely related in terms of prevalence in Toronto and are reported to start as early as childhood or during adolescence. Youth are widely affected by drug addiction and the most affected gender is male who are vulnerable to mental illness. It is interesting to note that substance abuse problem is most common among the poor as compared to the rich. The homeless group living in streets of Toronto often go for some days without food, get little or no medical services and are predisposed to both communicable and non communicable diseases. These factors contribute largely to substance addiction and mental illness which are burden to society as a whole. Tobacco addiction is the leading cause of death amongst Canadians in category of substance abuse, claiming the live of energetic youths. If smoking is not stopped now then it is likely that we will continue losing population and the cost of primary health care will go up. The affected groups tend to lose jobs and it is very unlikely for mentally retarded person to secure job (Keller and Bauerle, 2009). This causes high rate of unemployment in the city that is associated with criminal activities in slams.Many non-profit making organizations offer physical and mental health programs. One of them is Compassionate health care for Toronto's homeless which gathers for people characterized by unemployment, poor housing facilities, poverty stricken, frequent illness, stress and loneliness. This organization have team of experts including nurses who are able to offer medical services to special group of people who faces stigma due to their mental illness.Assessment of needAccording to WHO (1986), tobacco and alcohol abuse are the major health hazard in the world calling for collective efforts to eradicate this pandemic through development of health public policies. Tobacco not only affects the user but affect the surrounding population with infants being the highest victims from smoking mothers. Food insecurity is one of the major concerns globally and tobacco contributes to food crisis in countries growing tobacco as cash crop. Tobacco is highly taxed by government in hope of raising its price to discourage consumption and promote health of its citizen. However, it has made tobacco one of the most profitable agricultural crop explaining continued production and deterioration of usersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ health. It is therefore recommended that governments should commit themselves in lowering tobacco growing and marketing through development of health public policy to benefit its citizen and major population of the world.Tobacco has nicotine, which is th e active component that causes addiction amongst users. Curiosity and exposure are predisposing factors to smoking amongst both children and adults. Teen start by trying and with occasion smoking they end up depending on tobacco use. These youths even though they intended to quit few months or years, they end up in addiction and continue smoking to adulthood. This tobacco addiction leads to other drug abuse such as bang, heroine and alcohol. The schools should therefore enforce measures to prevent their students from using tobacco.Program goals and objectivesThe main goal of this study is to reduce mental illness and mortality due to use of tobacco.The objectives of this program are to: 1 To reduce smoking amongst youth in schools 2 To provide education programs on smoking to public. 3 To initiate anti-tobacco projects in schools and around homes. 4 To help tobacco-users quit smoking. 5 To increase policies and programs in schools aimed at reducing tobacco use. 6 To increase public awareness on effects of smoking. 7 To reduce exposure of tobacco product to minorsProgram outlineTobacco smoking is one of the leading premature deaths worldwide. It is highly addictive thus; affected individuals find it difficult to quit smoking. Tobacco is known to have carcinogenic substance causing lung cancer, bronchitis and heart diseases (Roberts et al., 2013). The cigarette smoking should be discouraged, as it is harmful to both smoker and individual exposed to smoke. Apart from causing death, the smokers usually cause financial constraints in the family as the money intended for food, clothing and shelter is spent on buying tobacco products.The health promotion program is aimed at reducing number of as smokersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ as well frequency of taking puff. This program will enable smokers quit and discourage non-smokers from taking up. Behavioral change will help tobacco users quit smoking. The smokers will be taken under anti-smoking programs where they will be trained to reduce number of cigarettes smoked before quitting. Strategies to minimize exposure will be carried out for six months and misperceptions such as smoking make one fashionable or attractive will be discouraged. Training programs will continue in schools even after completion of the project. Increasing knowledge and changing the attitude of a child at a tender age will equip him/her with appropriate skills to prevent from smoking.Ways will be devised to minimize tobacco access to minors. Parents who smoke will be encourage not be sending children to store to buy cigarettes. Such parents will also be educated not to smoke in presence o their children and proposal to ban smoking in public places will made. Meanwhile storekeepers will be informed not to sell tobacco products to the minors. Exposure of children to tobacco products is predisposing children to start smoking and should be discouraged. This is because if someone starts smoking at an early age it is like to become adult smoke rs. Many of teenagers who start smoking early are reported to die early compared to non-smokers due to tobacco related complications.Dissemination of information will help equip users on negative effects of smoking. It is reported that users feels that smoking is no longer harmful to their health; educative programs will help clear misconception. Motivation, information and cessation services will be provided to smokers to help them quit smoking. Public educational campaigns through media and reduction in false information about tobacco during advertisement will be fully discouraged. Tobacco manufactures will be required to indicate in the packets with clear writings that smoking is harmful to smokerà ¢Ã¢â ¬s health. All these interventions will be carried out together with government, schools, colleges and community based organization, ministry of youths and consumer protection organizations. It is intended that at least a few people will quit smoking at the end of the program. Program implementationStudents can observe what is happening around the school and are likely to try certain kind of behavior in secrecy especially if it is forbidden. Our program will involve checking if there are policies enacted in schools such as forbidden smoking in school compound. Data will be collected on number of smoking cases observed in school irrespective of whether the smoker is a visitor, student or staff. Many countries around the world have developed tobacco free policies to combat smoking amongst students by ensuring that the school is tobacco smoking-free zone.Ignorance is the silent killer. To reach out on children, school based programs will be conducted which include plays and drama. The education will majorly focus on influence of peer pressure on drug abuse, negative social consequences of smoking and resistance and refusal skills. To reach mass population including childr... wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-29486662462483429932020-05-18T09:21:00.001-07:002020-05-18T09:21:09.388-07:00Confederation and Constitution - 1416 Words Articles of Confederation vs. Constitution http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=American+History http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_history.html There were many differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. At the end of the American Revolution the free states needed some sort of control that would generate to a unified country. Issues arose such as: How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made, and by whom? Who should be authorized to govern those laws? How could the government be designed to protect the unalienable individual rights? Their first attempt at solving this issue was the Articles of Confederation, which was a failure forâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Usually they were states rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper-money advocates. In general, the poorer classes of society. Most of the Antifederalists thought that the Constitution required a bill of righ ts. State governments already had bills of rights but the antifederalists were afraid that they might be overridden by the Constitution. On the opposing side, there were the Federalists. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution that desired a strong central government. Federalists felt that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective. They felt that National government would protect the rights of the people. While their inexperienced ideas at creating a new republican government were practiced, the articles proved to be very weak. George Washington called for a convention in late May 1787; in order speak about the nationââ¬â¢s political and economical problems and revise the Articles. Delegates from eleven out of the thirteen states attended this convention. They decided on a government consisting of three branches: legislative (Congress), executive (the President), and judicial (Supreme Court). These branches were under the checks-and-balances in order to maintain balance in powers and to prevent tyranny in the country. Delegates believed this separation of powers into three different branches would ensure that theShow MoreRelatedConfederation and Constitution1594 Words à |à 7 PagesConfederation and Constitution United States History Professor: 9/30/12 The Articles of Confederation were a great start to shaping and unifying our country, but it was just that, a ââ¬Å"startâ⬠. It needed to take the country as a whole into consideration in order for it to hold this unity in place. The Articles of Confederation led to the Constitution of the United States. Although similar in some aspects, very different in others. The articles had many weaknesses that wereRead MoreConfederation and Constitution1483 Words à |à 6 Pages| Historical Essay: | Confederation and Constitution | | Jason Sherman | | | The Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. However, sanction of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states did not occur until March 1, 1781. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, which resulted in most of the power residing with the state governmentsRead MoreConfederation and Constitution1793 Words à |à 8 PagesCONFEDERATION AND CONSTITUTION à By: Instructor: Comparison between the Articles of Confederation and Constitution The Articles of Confederation, formally known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, refers to an agreement between the thirteen founding states that first formed the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states. The Articles of Confederation had served as the first U.S. constitution (MerrillRead MoreConfederation And Constitution Vs. Constitution Essay1230 Words à |à 5 PagesConfederation and Constitution The English Parliament in the 1760s decided to increase taxes to the American colonies, which was established by the colonies as unjust due to taxation without proper representation in the parliament. As a result, the 13th colonies decided to create their own government and in 1777, Congress drafted the Articles of Confederation. This was Americaââ¬â¢s first written constitution. After the Revolutionary War, the Federal government under the Articles did not have enoughRead MoreConfederation and Constitution Essay1539 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Constitution of 1787of the United States of America is signed by 38 of 41 delegates present at the conclusion of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Supporters of the document paid a hard won battle to win ratification by the necessary nine out of thirteen U.S. states. The Articles of Confederation, ratified just before the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Congress the central authority had the control to govern foreign conc erns, conduct war, and control currency. These powersRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words à |à 5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neither being perfect. Both these documents addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation1373 Words à |à 6 Pageswould enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the ââ¬Å"league of friendshipâ⬠; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nationââ¬â¢s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had beenRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words à |à 4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution891 Words à |à 4 Pages Throughout American history, many Americans assume that too much power is given to one party or the other. The Article of confederation was important in the United States because it affected the way over government functions today. Specifically, under the Article of confederation, the United States was intended to be formed on a basis of Federalism. Within this structure of Federalism, states have their own rights and majority of power with its people. The federal government on the other hand,Read MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words à |à 5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on Septe mber 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracy wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-73593099310114877462020-05-16T16:01:00.001-07:002020-05-16T16:01:09.032-07:00Mass Medi A Positive Side And A Negative Side - 3367 Words Daniel Chern Professor Ehrenreich April 25 2015 Mass Communication Take Home Test 1a) Mass media, much like many other things have two sides: a positive side and a negative side. Even though most of the mass media is typically associated with negative outcomes, it should not undermine the positive outcomes of mass media. One of the most important mass media form that generates positivity is television. Typically, many view television as a troublesome form of mass media that draws childrenââ¬â¢s attention away from studying and doing well in school; however, when digging deeper, there is a good side to watching television. For example, according to a content analysis in chapter 11 on family values show that ââ¬Å"the number of extended familyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In addition to television family shows, other television shows such as Sesame Street have also proved to have a positive impact on children in another way compared to television that show the importance of family values: Education. ââ¬Å"According to a soon-to-be published meta-analysis cond ucted by researchers at UW-Madison, watching international co-productions of ââ¬Å"Sesame Streetâ⬠has a positive effect on childrenââ¬â¢s learning and is an ââ¬Å"enduring example of a scalable and effective early childhood educational intervention (cited in references).â⬠These positive outcomes include learning about the world which includes health and safety, social reasoning and attitudes, and also cognitive literacy and numeracy. ââ¬Å"The significant, positive effects of cognitive, learning, and socio-emotional outcomes observed in the current meta-analysis represent real educational benefits for the millions of preschool-age children around the world who visit ââ¬ËSesame Streetââ¬â¢ via their televisions,â⬠says Mares. This proves that Sesame Street is a very educational television program that provides many benefits to pre-k children. b) Aggression and Violence has always been a significantly negative part of the media. It has been involved in almost all forms of mass media including violent movies, video games, advertising, news media, and even books. ââ¬Å"According to FBI statistics, about 87% of real crimes are nonviolent, but only 13% of crimes on wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-84706145214299837122020-05-06T20:31:00.001-07:002020-05-06T20:31:20.479-07:00Comparing Marxist Tradition With French Tradition - 847 Words Comparing and Contrasting Marxist Tradition With French Tradition: Essay #2 Karl Marx was probably the first theorist to identify significantly with key features of all three traditions (Levine 212), and while he did identify with all three, the French Tradition seemed to mesh with Marx more than the other two traditions. The Marxist Tradition, and the French Tradition compare and contrast due to their similar views of ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠society, politics, and freedom within a society. The idea of a ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠society sounds grand, but according to Karl Marx this was impossible, unless we have reached the end of history. According to our notes, ââ¬Å"Marxists believe there is no such thing as a good society in history. Morality is nothing but an ideology in which capitalists use to mask, hide, or disguise the process of exploitation.â⬠(Wed. Oct. 30 Lecture) Our book states, ââ¬Å" Humans in the state of nature are marked by instinct, physical impulse, inclination, stupidity, and animality, where as in a civil society these traits are r eplaced, respectively, by justice, morality, and duty, reason, intelligence, and full humanity.â⬠( Levine 155) The chapter over french tradition goes on to explain humans taking power by force, and ââ¬Å"...moral liberty in which they enjoy self mastery by virtue of obeying laws they themselves collectively legislate.â⬠(Levine 155) These quotes over the two separate traditions compliment each other, both are speaking of a society, neither of these societiesShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Society And The Social Lives Of Each Individual1698 Words à |à 7 Pagesis the study of society and the social lives of each individual, group or society. Sociology uses patterns of social interactions, social culture and relationships to understand individual and group behaviours. The word sociology was used first by French philosopher, Auguste Comte (1798-1857). He believed that we could use the scientific method to study society in the same way as we use it to study other sciences.à Around the late 18th century into the 19th century, technology had begun to revolutioniseRead MoreSecurity Studies : A Sub Discipline Of International Relations1836 Words à |à 8 PagesWhile the roots of security studies can be traced back to Thucydides and Sun Tzu, the conception of security in the mind of many people, scholars and politicians is shaped by three fundamental moments in history: the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the French Revolution in 1789 and the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 (Arreguin-Toft and Mingst 2013; Hale Held and Young 2013, 49-112). Thus the establishment of state sovereignty, human rights and international cooperation for international relationsRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern World Essay example6531 Words à |à 27 Pagesââ¬Ëinderterminancyââ¬â¢. French sociologist Jean-Franà §ois Lyotard understands postmodern as the deconstruction of the meta-narratives of the techno-scientism and the capitalism of the modern society because of the ââ¬Å"incredulity toward metanarrativesâ⬠(1984: xxiv). Paolo Portoghesi (1983) warns us not to treat ââ¬Ëpostmodernââ¬â¢ as a label designating homogeneous and convergent things but rather lumping together different things (including returning to historical and classical tradition) which arise from a commonRead MoreThe Development of Karl Marxs Critique2116 Words à |à 9 Pagesthat, we are giving Marx his real importance. In this sense, it is crucial to describe and understand the context and the process which led to the development of Marxââ¬â¢s ideas, both in his earlier texts and in the later ones. In discussing and comparing the critique of philosophy given in texts like ââ¬ËTowards a Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right: Introductionââ¬â¢ (1844) and the critique of political economy showed in Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 1 (1867), we will see theRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words à |à 10 Pagesclass, which took the control of international and domestic trade by producing goods more efficiently. During the growth to economic power, this class began to gain political power which in turn destroyed the remains of the old feudal system. The French Revolution, according to Marx, was the most decisive instance of this form of bourgeois self-determination. In fact, Marx thought the control of the bourgeoisie was so extensive that he claimed that, ââ¬Å"the executive of the modern state is but a committeeRead MoreSociology and Emile Durkheim2640 Words à |à 11 Pagestheories and methods on social behavior such as their attitudes towards individuals, will be proposed from different aspects and perspectives respectively. 2.Emile Durkheimââ¬â¢s theory and method regarding social behavior Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) is a French sociologist and one of the key thinkers of early positivism. Positivism is an epistemological approachï ¼Å'Which applies the scientific method to the study of social world. Emile Durkheim, with Karl Marx and Max Weber, is regarded as the principal architectRead MoreThe Enlightenment Karl Marx and Max Weber3163 Words à |à 13 Pagesand tyranny and to build a better world. Their principal targets were religion (embodied in France in the Catholic Church) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. Interestingly, it was among those very idle aristocrats that the French Enlightenment philosophers were to find some of their earliest and most enthusiastic followers. Despite the fact that the Church and State were more often than not allied with each other, they were keenly aware of their differences. Even kings couldRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words à |à 48 Pagesfirst social theories - social evolutio nism. In the 19th century three great, classical theories of social and historical change were created: the social evolutionism theory (of which social darwinism is a part of), the social cycle theory and the Marxist historical materialism theory. Although the majority of 19th century social theories are now considered obsolete they have spawned new, modern social theories. Modern social theories represent some advanced version of the classical theories, likeRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words à |à 21 Pagesï » ¿ ADVANCED PLACEMENT ESSAY QUESTIONS RENAISSANCE 1. 77: To what extent and in what ways may the Renaissance be regarded as a turning point in the Western intellectual and cultural tradition? 2. 81: Compare the ways in which two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical and cultural values of their times. (Pictures of Michelangelo s David and Giacometti s Man Pointing 1947). 3. 82: CompareRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words à |à 94 Pageshis own philosophical views from other explorations. He writes: In the pseudonymous works, there is not a single word which is mine. Kierkegaard used different names to represent different viewpoints. 2. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905ââ¬â1980) was a French writer and philosopher who is one of the leading figures in 20th-centuryexistentialism. He imagines men as lonely creatures in a meaningless world. He emphasizes the importance of choice and responsibility. Sartre s influences include many of the wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-74043556280727482512020-05-06T18:06:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:06:10.372-07:00The Use of Standardized Testing - 1088 Words Research shows that the use of standardized testing has spanned centuries, some of the earlier studies include data from the early 1900ââ¬â¢s. According to Frazier (2009), ââ¬Å"there is a significant difference in scores on standardized tests when students have completed a technology education programâ⬠. This study shows a correlation between the use of technology within the school system and achievement on standardized tests. Students that are exposed to technology education are more likely to do well on standardized tests. The need for assessment or standardized tests according to Dr. Art Costa, the need to give standardized tests is necessary to obtain information regarding how well schools are performing in relationship to other schools in other countries (Harris, 1993). Also, how well students progress over time and are the students achieving in their school experience. Another measure is how do students assess themselves in relation to their educational journey. This study describes the importance of students assessing themselves. If a studentââ¬â¢s journey does not conclude with an understanding of their level of independence on adults and without the tools to be able to measure their knowledge level there is a deficiency within the educational system (Harris, 1993). Dr. Costa explains that standardized testing provides a realistic view of what students know (Harris, 1993). In order to determine if a student can interpret and practice the knowledge learned it should be confirmedShow MoreRelatedUse of Standardized Testing1893 Words à |à 8 PagesUse of Standardized Testing: In the past several years, standardized testing has been increasingly used as the most meaningful method for evaluating students but is it accurate indicator of student performance? Standardized testing can be described as the use of tests that are managed, scored, and understood in a predetermined, standard way. There are two main kinds of standardized tests that are widely used in schools i.e. standardized aptitude and standardized achievement tests. The aptitudeRead MoreThe Use Of Formal Standardized Testing And Norm Reference Assessments Of Young Children859 Words à |à 4 Pagesit comes to assessing the programs. Standardize testing The NAECY believe that the use of formal standardized testing and norm-reference assessments of young children is limited to situations in which such measures are appropriate and potentially beneficial, such as identifying potential disabilities. (National Association for the Education of Young Children. 2003) The DEC believe much of the same they believe that that conventional standardized norm-references assessments materials and tasks areRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing Essay903 Words à |à 4 Pagescons of standardized testing with input from two teachers who use standardized testing in their classrooms. Iââ¬â¢m Sarah and Iââ¬â¢m Madison. Our goal is to cover both the issues and benefits of standardized testing. To begin, weââ¬â¢ll start with a question to think about: What is the purpose for students and teachers of standardized testing? First, weââ¬â¢ll start by talking about the cons. There isnââ¬â¢t really a benefit for students because standardized testing doesnââ¬â¢t teach students much. These standardized testsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1177 Words à |à 5 PagesStandardized testing is a no Growing up in Chesapeake every student is forced to take a standardized test at the end of every class they take. Standardized testing has been a part of the educational system for so long that everyone is just accustomed to taking these tests or giving them out. Standardized testing does not just effect the students but it also effects the teachers. Chesapeake School Board should get rid of standardized testing in all grade levels because of different learning styleRead More Problems With Standardized Testing Essay1454 Words à |à 6 PagesIn Standardized Testing and Its Victims, an article written for Education Week, Alfie Kohn states: Standardized testing has swelled and mutated, like a creature in one of those old horror movies, to the point that it now threatens to swallow our schools whole.... Our children are tested to an extent that is unprecedented in our history and unparalleled anywhere else in the world. While previous generations of American students have had to sit through tests, never have the tests been given so frequentlyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Essay1319 Words à |à 6 PagesAlternatives to Standardized Tests:. (n.d.). Retrieved February 3, 2015, from http://www.rethinkingschools.org/restrict.asp?path=archive/13_03/assess.shtml This article speaks about different approaches at the end of the grading period as opposed to using standardized testing. Other ideas are evaluation of the work the student has done throughout the year, or quarter. This would take the place of using a pen and pencil test like the standardized test we currently use. An alternative to standardized testingRead MoreStandardized Testing1272 Words à |à 6 PagesSynthesis Essay on Standardized Testing Standardized testing in the United States started in the mid- 1800ââ¬â¢s (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). This kind of testing was originally created to measure studentsââ¬â¢ performance and progress in school (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). In recent years, the public school system has relied heavily on the information this test provides, in doing so creating controversy. Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreStandardized Testing And Standardized Tests1204 Words à |à 5 PagesYou must mark all your answers on this answer sheet. Use only a No. 2 pencil. You may not use a pen.à When you fill in the circles, make heavy black marks.à If you make a mistake, erase it completely.à Make no stray marks. Do not make any marks on the back of the answer sheet. These instructions are something we have all nearly fallen asleep to over our years of standardized tests. I myself can be included with you in that expe rience and I hope to give you a little more information on these all tooRead More The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essay1492 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Controversy of Standardized Testing ââ¬Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learningâ⬠(Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of a studentââ¬â¢s performance. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, RegentsRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing a Failure in Education1335 Words à |à 6 PagesStandardized testing scores proficiencies in most generally accepted curricular areas. The margin of error is too great to call this method effective. ââ¬Å"High test scores are generally related to things other than the actual quality of education students are receivingâ⬠(Kohn 7). ââ¬Å"Only recently have test scores been published in the news-paper and used as the primary criteria for judging children, teachers, and schools.â⬠(2) Standardized testing is a great travesty imposed upon the American Public School wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-90232402777190888242020-05-06T03:28:00.001-07:002020-05-06T03:28:16.433-07:00American Reform free essay sample American Reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human and society. Assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements in THREE of the following: education, temperance, womenââ¬â¢s rights, utopian experiments, penal institutions. (1988) The United States has seen change come and go over time. From the Great Awakening in the 1730s to the Technological revolution of the 20th century, America has constantly seen itself change. However, no period had the type of social reform as the mid-1800s. An Age of Reform as it is called, brought about the most drastic movements and reforms. Every type of social issue was discussed and made an issue during this time. Slavery, religion, womens rights, alcohol use, utopianism, education and prison conditions were all topics of debate during this era of reformation. These matters all had something in common. They all dealt with the pessimistic and optimistic views of human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on American Reform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slavery, for example, was an issue that dealt with the cynical views in the south. Slavery as we would see it today would seem cruel and unjust, however, back then it was looked at as a serious issue that would eventually be one of the underlying causes of the Civil War. Although the time may lead one to think that most of the reforms were based on pessimistic views of human nature, most were based on views of optimism. Take the issue of education, for example. The public school movement was designed to better educate our nations youth. Horace Mann, the main advocator of this movement, created a public school system in Massachusetts. This system became the model for the rest of the United States. This is a positive aspect of human nature based on the fact that society wanted to improve itself. Another reform movement during this time was the establishment of utopian communities. Beginning with the New Harmony settlement of Indiana in 1825 and eventually ending with the Shakers and Oneida Community, these establishments were designed to create the perfect society, and thus bettering oneself. Penal Institutions were also under modification during this time. In the past, prisons were designed with the purposes of detainment and punishment. Penitentiaries were created to give prisoners the opportunity to reform themselves. They focused not as much on punishment but more on rehabilitation. This shows a sanguine attitude by the American people because they want everyone to become better people. The most important optimistic wave of feelings came from the womens rights movement. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was the first ever womens rights convention. At this gathering, views on woman suffrage and other feministic rights were discussed. Feminist movement supporters were also on hand. Advocators such as Lucreatia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Amelia Bloomer all promoted woman suffrage. They all followed the policy of all men and women are created equal. This display of support for women was the biggest wave of optimism that our country has ever seen. Although it is a mans human nature to look to woman as inferior, it is societys nature to look at men and woman as equals. This is no doubt an optimistic view of human psychology. The one other pessimistic based reform, besides slavery, was the temperance movement of the 1850s. Supported by mostly the feminine population of America, advocators strived to end the drinking, selling and buying of alcohol in the Untied States. Although it may seem like a reform the general population, the reform led to a wave of violence. Carrie Nation, the woman with a hatchet, often destroyed bars and liquor selling establishments because she despised those who did not support her cause. The movement progressed from an idea, to a law of a state (Maine Law 1851), to eventually a U. S. constitutional amendment. It brought violence among people and led to increase in theft and smuggling because people needed their booze. With crime and violence escalating, Congress had no choice but to repeal the amendment. What started out as an optimistic idea eventually brought out the negative and evil sides of not only opposition to the movement, but also the advocators of the reform themselves, i. e. , Carrie Nation. America reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society. This statement alone sums up this particular era of reconstruction and reform. The two biggest issues of the time were one of pessimistic and optimistic views. Slavery (pessimistic) and womans rights (optimistic) dominated the debate forum of this time. While womans rights did not lead to a war between a nation, it was just as important as the abolishment of slavery in the history of our country. Both were significant events that eventually changed our societal ideals in our nation. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-17847170345488232452020-05-05T22:34:00.001-07:002020-05-05T22:34:11.767-07:00Financial Accounting And Intangible Assets â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting And Intangible Assets. Answer: The intangible assets are the assets those are not physical by nature. The corporate property in the nature of intellectual those include trademarks, patents, business methodologies, brand recognitions, goodwill and copyrights are regarded as intangible assets. as per AASB, the intangible asset is recognized only if (i) it is expected that the economic benefits for future with regard to the asset will come to the organization with the expectation that the economic benefit for future will represent the best estimate of the managements economic condition and that will subsist over the assets useful life through proper assumptions and reasonable and (ii) the assets cost can be reliably measured (Russell, 2017). Initially the intangible asset is recognized at cost and the cost includes the purchase cost and the cost incurred to bring the asset in a position to its intended use. The cost that is direct attributable are as follows Fees paid for registering the legal right Cost of the service or material consumed or used for generation of the intangible asset Amortization of licences or patents used for generation of the intangible asset Employee benefits related costs that are generated from intangible asset. To analyse whether the intangible asset that is internally generated meets the recognition criteria or not, the asset must be classified into development phase or research phase. The cost related to research as well as developments are taken into account as and when incurred. Further, the company is required to disclose all the amount regarding to the amount of development and research cost that is incurred under each period and for which the revenue statement is prepared (Steenkamp et al., 2016). The intangible asset whether at fair value or cost, subjected to the impairment and amortisation testing. Fair value of the asset is established through the references from the active market. Further, the revaluations shall be performed taking into consideration the required regularity in the reporting date and it must be checked that the assets carrying amount is is not materially different from the fair value. Any amount of accumulated amortisation shall be restated based on the gross val ue of revaluation Alternative for potential standard setting The shareholders stated 4 wide approaches for improving theaccounting with regard to the intangible assets. The standard setters and FASB considered the alternatives fro verifying the degrees for several years. 4 potential strategies for providing more information to the financial statement users regarding intangible assets are as follows Recognize the intangible assets that are internally generated at fair value or cost Alternative 1 Disclose the intangible assets that are internally generated Alternative 2 Adopt the IAS 38 Alternative 3 Recognize the cost of development or research at fair value Intangible asset with indefinite period of useful lives Intangible assets that has indefinite useful life shall not be amortised At every period, the company shall test the intangible asset with indefinite useful life for the purpose of impairment annually and if there is any sign that the asset may get impaired that asset shall also be tested (Russell, 2014). At every period, the entity shall assess whether the circumstances or events supports the indefinite useful life of the asset. However, if it does not conform, the asset shall be changed to definite period that can be accounted for as the change on theaccounting estimates as per AASB 108. De-recognition of intangible asset If the intangible asset is sold or disposed or there is no expectation that future economic benefit will arise from the asset it shall be derecognised. The loss or gain arising from the asset that was to be recognized in the comprehensive income statement shall be derecognised. Gains shall not be recognized as revenue, rather shall be shown as the gain under the comprehensive income statement. Amortisation of the intangible asset with limited useful life shall not be ceased while the intangible asset is not in use any more, unless it is fully amortised or the asset is classified under held for sale (Bond, Govendir Wells, 2016). If the asset is recognized on the carrying amount of the asset then the replacement cost for that part of the asset shall be derecognized for that part of the asset. If the part is not recognizable then the replacement cost may be used as the indication for what the cost of the replaced part was there at the time when the internally generated asset was acquired. Disclosure requirement The requirement of disclosure for the intangible asset that is internally generated and various other intangible assets shall include Whether the life of the asset is indefinite or finite If the useful life is finite the amortisation rate or the useful life and the method of amortisation (Fasb.org/jsp/FASB, 2017). Detailed reconciliation for the carrying amount at opening and closing period The line items under the comprehensive income statement that includes the intangible assets amortisation Other disclosure requirement includes The description of the asset, remaining amortisation period, the carrying ampoun tof the intangible asset The intangible asset with indefinite period of life Woolworths, the biggest chain of supermarket from Australia is owned by Woolworths limited. The company was established during 1924 and they were operating in the imperial arcade of Sydney. Various businesses those are carried out by Woolworths are petrol and food, supermarkets, hotel and drinks. The petrol and food sector is engaged for the procurement of petroleum and food products for reselling it to the Australian consumer. Likewise, the drink segment is engaged in procurement of liquor products for reselling it to the Australian consumer and the hotel sector is engaged in providing hospitality and leisure services that includes accommodation, food, alcohol, gaming and entertainment in Australia. Intangible asset of Woolworths As per the annual report of Woolworths for the year ended 2016, they recognised the following assets as intangible assets under the assets in their balance sheet Goodwill Liquor license and other Brand names It has been found that the cost of intangibles were amounted to $ 6,948.5 million, out of which goodwill amounted to $ 4,343.6 million, brand names amounted to $ 285.4 million and liquor, gaming and other licenses amounted to $ 2,319.5 million. Significant accounting policies Goodwill The goodwill of the company represents excess of cost of acquisition over its fair value of share for the net identifiable acquired assets. After the initial recognition, the goodwill is calculated at cost after subtracting the accumulated losses for impairment, if any. Other intangible assets The other intangible assets of the company are calculated at cost after subtracting the impairment losses and the amortisation, if any. Where the intangible asset is acquired under the business combination, the cost indicates the fair value on the acquisition date. Moreover, the intangible assets with limited useful lives are amortised on the basis of Straight-line method for their forecasted useful lives. However, the useful life for each of the intangible assets is reassessed regularly in each period. Useful lives of the intangible assets were assessed as follows Intangible asset Useful life Brand names Normally it has indefinite useful life Victorian entitlements for gaming It has finite useful life as per the gaming entitlements up to 10 years. Gaming and liquor licences It has indefinite useful life. Other intangible assets like rights of property developments and relationship with regard to primary customer It has both indefinite useful life as well as definite useful life for a term of up to 20 years. Impairment The intangible assets are examined for the purpose of impairment as per the impairment policy for the non-financial assets as follows Critical estimates for accounting Estimates for the useful remaining lives and assessment for the useful lives requires the significant judgement from the management. The brand names are normally assessed as they have indefinite period of useful lives depended on the strength of the brand, forecasted ongoing profitability and the continuing support. Further, the brand names integrate the complementary assets like product offerings, networks, gaming and liquor license and store formats were assessed to have indefinite period of useful lives based on the licences that are expected to get renewed as per line in association with the ongoing requirements of regulations. Accounting treatment for intangible assets Though the intangible asset does not have any physical existence, it has great importance to Woolworths and must be disclosed properly under the financial reports. While some companies recognize the company trademarks and software as intangible assets while Woolworths recognizes Goodwill, Liquor license, Brand names and other as intangible asset (Ji Lu, 2014). The accounting standard for AASB 138 suggests the businesses for the treatment of the intangible assets, however where the particular criteria for an asset is fulfilled then only the asset is recognized as the intangible asset. The intangible asset shall fulfil the below mentioned criteria Non-monetary by nature the asset to be recognized as intangible, the asset shall be of non-monetary nature. This fact is needed so that the receivables are not taken into account as the intangible asset by the organizations simply as the money is just recognized but not yet received (Yao, Percy Hu, 2015). Identifiable the asset to be considered as identifiable must meet one of the criteria like (i) the asset is capable to be sold, rented, licensed, exchanged or transferred that can be resulted from the separate things from the business (ii) the asset must be separable, so that the asset can be recognized as a separate asset from goodwill (iii) the asset arise from the contractual right or any other legal right, irrespective of the fact that it is inseparable or separable. Lack of the physical substance this criterion is required with regard to the fact that the tangible assets like plant, property shall not be recognized as intangible assets. Woolworths in their annual report clearly mentioned the description regarding whether the assets useful life is finite or indefinite. It is reported that 4 out of total 5 asset classes are there with indefinite useful life, therefore, no amortization cost was charged. Further, the report revealed that every class of the assets are separated with their own headings and the respective amounts were mentioned under each respective head. Further, Woolworths consistently applied AASB 138 for recognizing and disclosing the intangible assets. the intangible assets recognized in the balance sheet are non-monetary in the nature, were separable and do not have any physical substance (InitialAccounting for Internally Generated Intangible Assets, 2017). Moreover, the disclosure rules with regard to the intangible assets were complied with the relevant accounting standards. Recommendation As the guidelines as per the AASB 138 already obliged the organizations to scrutinize the intangible assets strongly and expose every detail regarding their financial statement, the improve ment that can be suggested can be stating under the guidelines the type of the report and where under the report the information shall be disclosed, so that the users can have access to the required files without being going through all the files for searching the specific information regarding the intangible asset of Woolworths. References Bond, D., Govendir, B., Wells, P. (2016). An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), 259-288. https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/ (2017). https://www.fasb.org/jsp/ FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176168357653acceptedDisclaimer=true. Retrieved 4 September 2017, from https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176168357653acceptedDisclaimer=true. Initial Accounting for Internally Generated Intangible Assets. (2017). https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/ACCDP_IGIA_10-08.pdf. Retrieved 4 September 2017, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/ACCDP_IGIA_10-08.pdf Ji, X. D., Lu, W. (2014). The value relevance and reliability of intangible assets: Evidence from Australia before and after adopting IFRS.Asian Review of Accounting,22(3), 182-216. Russell, M. (2014). Capitalization of intangible assets and firm performance. Russell, M. (2017). Management incentives to recognise intangible assets.Accounting Finance,57(S1), 211-234. Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, N., Steenkamp, S., Steenkamp, S. (2016). AASB 138: catalyst for managerial decisions reducing RD spending?.Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting,14(1), 116-130. Yao, D. F. T., Percy, M., Hu, F. (2015). Fair value accounting for non-current assets and audit fees: Evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), 31-45. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-20638826639403750132020-04-17T18:44:00.001-07:002020-04-17T18:44:03.907-07:00The Economy Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy In the 21st century, Information Technology drastically changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. This new phenomenon is made possible by the World-Wide-Web. But even a powerful platform like the Web is useless without the necessary tool that will help an ordinary person understand and appreciate the full power of the Internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is for this reason that websites were created. A website is known as a portal because it is the starting point, it is a graphical interface that enables a person to read and manipulate content. In this particular report, two websites related to the economy will be analysed to appreciate the importance of a website. In addition, these websites will be analysed using the five criteria for evaluating a web page. The first website to be analy sed is Bloomberg and the second website to be analysed is CNN Money. These two sites talks about the economy. The focus of the discussion and the articles that can be found in these sites are all related to finance, the stock market, employment, Gross National Product, as well as the factors that contribute to the success or failure of the national economy. In order to simplify the analysis, the proponent of this study will focus on articles written by paid journalists that are posted in these sites. In the case of Bloomberg, the article related to crime will be analysed (Goldberg, 2012). In the case of CNN Money the article related to consumer spending will be analysed (Isidore, 2012). Accuracy The first criterion is accuracy. The information posted in these two sites can be considered accurate. This assertion is based on the fact that Bloomberg and CNN Money are well-known websites and well-respected in the international community. Another important consideration is the easy ident ification of the author. hus, it is easy to make a background check on Goldberg and Isidore if they are real people and if they have the credentials to enable them to write the said articles. They can also be contacted through the organization that supported the sites. It is also very clear that it is not the Webmaster who produced the document. An overview of the articles will reveal that the authors are professionals and qualified to comment on the said topic. Authority of Web Documents The second criterion is authority of the web documents. This criterion is related to the first because the strength of the website is linked to the organization that supported and funded the site. In the case of the two websites mentioned earlier, the organizations that are behind these two sites are respected in the international community.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regards to C NN Money, the publisher of the said articles is CNN, a global news network. In the case of Bloomberg, the publisher of the said article is a company with the same name and an authority when it comes to the stock market. Objectivity of Web Documents The third criterion is objectivity. An examination of the articles will reveal that the writers did their homework so to speak, in researching the pertinent details related to their work. There appears to be no bias in their reporting. The tone of their writing suggests that they wanted to convey an important message and it is supported by facts. The articles were not written to support a particular group or to advertise a particular product. Currency of Web Documents The fourth criterion is currency. The articles were produced in 2012. The two websites were updated on a daily basis. Thus, the webmaster and the person in-charge of the site are given information regarding the veracity and accuracy of the articles that are posted there. In other words, if there are errors, then, they can immediately rectify it and minimize the number of people who will be misinformed by the wrong information. The links were also updated. Coverage of the Web Documents The fifth criterion is coverage of the Web documents. This criterion focuses on the number of people that can access the site. Thus, if there is greater coverage then it is easier for a great number of people to read and appreciate the articles. The two websites are easy to access using a free browser and other software that can be downloaded free of charge. It can be said that most computers already contain the necessary software that is needed for proper viewing of the said articles. Graphics and other Elements The use of graphics highlighted the focus of the message. In the Bloomberg article there was an attention-catching picture and it immediately clarified the content of the message. In the CNN Money article there was also an image that spoke more than words and its subliminal message immediately resonated to the reader. There was obvious hierarchy of the graphics images. One of the reason for this method is to separate the images that supported the article and the images that were used to advertise products and services from their sponsors. Conclusion The two websites evaluated adhere to the standards included in the five-criteria for evaluating web pages. The websites are accurate based on the veracity of the information and the fact that the authors can be contacted. Their credentials are also easy to verify. The authority of the website with regards to the subject matter that they cover cannot be questioned because of the credentials of the publisher.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objectivity of the article writer can be easily established. The currency of the website can also be easily established based on the regular updates made. Finally, the coverage of the websites is extensive because it has a global reach. References Goldberg, J. (2012). Why is violent crime declining? Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-02-15/why-is-u-s-violent-crime-down-part-2-commentary-by-jeffrey-goldberg Isidore, C. (2012). Consumer holding back, especially on cars. CNN Money. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/14/news/economy/retail_sales/index.htm?iid=SF_E_River This essay on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy was written and submitted by user Mongoose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-88501085228908453102020-03-14T00:48:00.001-07:002020-03-14T00:48:03.220-07:00Was Sir Richard Arkwright a man for himself or good for the essaysWas Sir Richard Arkwright a man for himself or good for the essays Sir Richard Arkwright was a man who was ambitious to succeed to say the least. He seemed very content in making his and John Kays joint invention of the spinning frame, much needed amongst workers in the 17th 18th, a huge global success. Infact he went so far with his business, that he went on to make the first ever factory ever to be made in 1771 in the small town of Cromwell. He began to recruit people to work for his factory, enforcing high pay but strict rules. He then went on to build houses, a church, shops and even a school for his workers and their families, in the hope that his workers will put in there maximum effort to his factory in return for giving them decent living conditions. It seemed to have worked as Arkwright became richer and richer as more and more people came to work under Arkwright. But did Arkwright do all of this for himself or for the whole of society in general? On one side, Arkwright was indeed good for the society. Not only was it impressive that he thought up the idea of the first ever factory, it is also impressive how he worked out a good amount of pay to his workers. Workers for Arkwright earned about 17 shilling a week, working 10 hours a day for 6 days in the week. This amount of pay, despite the fact that it was hard work earning it, was considerably better than the money they would have earned in most other jobs at that time (especially farming). Moreover, Arkwright built a mini-town around his factory in Cromford. However, you could also say that Arkwright was a selfish man. Evidence for this comes with the fact that despite Arkwrights status as one of the men that was the started the industrial revolution, the unanswered question of modern history today is was the credit for starting the industrial revolution given to the wrong men? The history books tell us that James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright the spinning frame and Samuel ... wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-8735602260830821662020-02-26T15:12:00.001-08:002020-02-26T15:12:03.879-08:00Privacy in the 21st century Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsPrivacy in the 21st century - Assignment Example Without obtaining any warrants from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC). It is extremely unfortunate that the government we entrust to uphold and protect citizen rights is the one denying citizens their rights to privacy. According to Liu (2011), the National Security Agency (NSA), listens to telephone conversation of people suspected of terrorism. This is truly offending since phone calls are highly private and sometimes contains information that might be sensitive to the communicating parties. For example, if one is having a private conversation over the phone with a person close to you like your wife; it is extremely offending when you find out that someone else is listening in on your conversation through another line. The most common type of surveillance done by the government is electronic surveillance, (Levy 2007). Since almost all the communication done is through electronic devices, this is the common type of surveillance. The government may use transmitters r eferred to as ââ¬Å"bugsâ⬠. These are tiny electronic devices that are designed to avoid being noticed. Their main function it to transmit signals of what one is communicating. They can be planted in ones cell phone, computer or even devices such as fax machines. There are other types of bugs used by the government that are designed to notify the government of all the movement of the person in question. These ââ¬Å"bugsâ⬠are hidden in someoneââ¬â¢s personal item such as a wallet; because it goes everywhere they go. There are also other types of bugs that are designed to record video footage. These devices are planted in one's office or home and record everything that happens there, for it to be analyzed by government agencies such as the National Security agency. Other forms of surveillance include wire taps and the use of drones. It is however necessary to note that, due to the advancement of technology, the National Security Agency (NSA) is able to listen to conver sations on cell phones without planting bugs. They are also able to monitor the internet remotely. This is possible through getting into service providers networks and monitoring them. The research gave me a lot of knowledge and information on how the government is able to invade my privacy. Unfortunately, nothing can be done individually. This is because congress has put laws that allow the government to do this. However, through the American justice system we can fight this. Through the Supreme Court, these laws can be amended or even removed. We should come together and fight this invasion of privacy by the government. Amicus Curiae I would like to offer information on behalf of the plaintiff who include Amnesty international and the other organizations in a case no 11-1025 in the supreme court of the United States of America. According to Fagan (2012), the main question in the court case if it is legal for international organizations and lawyers to sue the United States Governme nt because the government conducts surveillance on international communication wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-80913471757311099452020-02-10T07:59:00.001-08:002020-02-10T07:59:02.044-08:00Security in Educational Institutions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSecurity in Educational Institutions - Case Study Example 2. The problems: This disaster can be attributed to the runaway gun culture prevailing in the nation owing to easy access to highly powered weapons as well as a deep culture of violence through music, film and video games, according to Q&A: US campus killings, BBC News published on April, 17, 2007. (Unknown, BBC News, 2007) This case can primarily be qualified as an excuse for political survival and some of the most lethal loopholes in gun control created by Republican-controlled Congress. These loopholes are inaccessibility of the state and local police forces from getting information about illegal gun sales due to gun lobby as well as the disdain of the security forces for abiding to the sale of firearms to people on federal watch lists of terrorism suspects. 3. The solution: The immediate question in this case arises is whether putting the campus on a full lockdown earlier could have saved the 30 people killed in the second shootout. However, considering the bigger picture, various solutions could be considered like the state legislatures passing gun control bills, dropping the liberalization bills or rising the legal age of possession of guns to 21 along with having a complete background check of the buyer prior to sales. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-65134989159574394602020-01-30T18:18:00.001-08:002020-01-30T18:18:02.906-08:00Applied linguistics Essay Example for Free Applied linguistics Essay Linguistics, though one of the youngest behavioral sciences, has a background extending over several millennia. During this period scholars with various interests have concerned themselves with language. Some of the most readable treatises on language were produced by the Greeks and Romans, such as Platoââ¬â¢s Cratylus and Quintilianââ¬â¢s advice to an orator. Much of our terminology was devised in the course of this earlier concern. Any of introductions to linguistic cannot, therefore, limit itself to one school; rather it must present the general principles applied in the study of language. A knowledge of earlier studies of languages in particularly important at a time when the vigorous transformationalist school has affirmed its relationship with traditional grammar. Any discipline is based on earlier work, though scientific schools are rarely capable of advancing their subject on all fronts. Thus, nineteenth-century linguistics made particular advances in phonetics and historical linguistics. In the first four decades of this century linguistics contribute especially to refinements in phonological theory, while collecting data on exotic languages. Subsequent linguistics have devoted themselves especially to syntactic study and to the interrelations between linguistics and other behavioral sciences. Since the tempo of scientific research is being speeded up, it is not surprising that the transformationalist school is already becoming fragmented, with some of this member focusing on semantic study. This century therefore has seen a shift in emphasis from phonological to syntactic to semantic studies. At the same time, linguistics has become closely involved with the sciences specializing in human behavior. It is difficult to present in an elementary text all of the concerns of linguistics. Moreover, since linguistics is an empirical science, any elementary text must include a great deal of linguistic data, that is, examples of spoken language. The data included must be taken from the native languages of students. For a pedagogical treatment one must select material carefully because of the richness of language; therefore data from other languages can only be given as supplements to that of English. But students should use every opportunity to collect and study data from other languages as they acquired adequate techniques for assembling and analyzing linguistic material. In order to gain control of linguistics, the data of language must first 1. 1Aims for descriptive linguistics Descriptive linguistics aims to provide an understanding of language by analyzing in its various uses. Generally descriptive linguists deal with one language at a specific time, such as contemporary English. But to gain perspective, they also examine others, preferably those having different structures, such as Chinese, which lacks all inflections, or Japanese, which adds inflections in a regular manner, or Eskimo, which may combine the entities of a sentence into a word-like sequence. Linguists also draw on studies of human behavior; psychology for an understanding of the mental processes involved in the use of language; anthropology and sociology for an understanding of manââ¬â¢s behavior in the contexts in which man uses language and from pertinent fields of other sciences are formulated in grammars. This book is an introduction to the aims and procedures of descriptive linguistics, presenting at the same time some of the contributions of that study to the understanding of language. Like other behavioral sciences-for example, anthropology-linguistics is confronted with two major task is to acquire an understanding of the various languages spoken today or at any time in the history of man. To achieve an understanding of any one language is a great task, as the inadequacy of our grammars many indicate. Providing descriptions of the 5,000 or so languages in use today, as well as future; we may illustrate the extent of the work that needs to be done by noting that the most widely translated book, the Bible, has been translated into only just over a thousand languages. Many of these languages are little known; others are almost completely obscure. But even without knowledge of many languages and with only a seriously inadequate understanding of many others, linguistics must set out to fulfill task number two; to comprehend language as a phenomenon. This second task of linguistics will be our main concern. We will illustrate the aims and procedures involved in carrying out this task by talking our examples primarily from one language, English. As in most linguistic studies, the unit of language selected for linguistic analysis here is the sentence. Speakers of every language speak in sentences and interpret sentences as units. If they are literate, that is, if they display language by means of writing, they divide these units into segments; any English sentence is marked off first by punctuation marks, and is then broken up into words, which are further segmented into letters. Linguists also analyze sentences into smaller segments, as we will see, but with greater rigor than the general speaker. The aim of this linguistic analysis is to understand how speakers construct and interpret any selected sentence and eventually to account for language as a phenomenon of human behavior. Speakers of a language have the remarkable capability of constructing and interpreting sentences they have never encountered before. The sentence A machine chose the chords may have been produced here for the first time; yet no speaker of English has any difficulty interpreting it. Linguistics seeks to determinate the basis of this capability. In carrying out such study, a linguist is investigating human behavior. Linguistics is, accordingly, a behavioral science. Like other scientists, a linguistic limits his concern. A full understanding of any sentence would involve some knowledge of manââ¬â¢s mental processes-how language is stored in the brain, how it is perceived, how it is directed by the brain. Understanding any sentence would also involve knowledge of the society in which the sentence is produced-how for example; any speaker could assert that a nonanimate machine might select some arrangement of tones called a chord. These requirements for understanding language in detail call on so many sciences-biology, psychology, anthropology, sociology, among others-that specialties haven arisen within linguistics itself, notably phonetics, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Thorough linguistic descriptions are fundamental to all such specialties, and accordingly descriptive linguistics is the basic discipline of linguistics. In descriptive linguistics various procedures have been devised to arrive at grammars, that is, to produce descriptions of a given language. For most purposes a linguist deals with the sounds of a sentence, using earlier example A machine chose the chords may indicate why the linguist uses transcriptions. Through various historical accidents the spelling sequence ch is used for three different sounds in this sentence: as in sheen; as in catch; [k] as in kiss. Unless a linguistic description identified these different sounds, an investigator of speech perception would be misled. As the transcription indicates, a linguist may also note a vocal patterning of the words that is different from a written patterning of the words. The indefinite article a may be as closely linked in speech to the syllable as is the second syllable of machine; the plural suffix in chords is [z] after [d], rather than [s] as after [t] in courts. In studying relationships of this kind, a linguist is not simply trying to sort out sounds, but he is also trying to determine segments that are grammatically significant. But like all scientists he must limit his goals and deal with one problem at time. As John R. Firth says: The study of the living voice of a man in action is a very big job indeed. In order to be able to handle it at all, we must split up the whole integrated behavior patter we call speech, and apply specialized techniques to the description and classification of these so-called elements of speech we detach by analysis. This book is an introduction to such techniques. In keeping with Firthââ¬â¢s statement, it presents these techniques in a sequence determined by pedagogical principles. Students acquiring these techniques must not assume that the sequence in which these principles are presented reflects directly the structure of language. In many ways Chapters 1 to 7 may be viewed as preliminary; a knowledge of their contents is essential for an understanding of the subsequent chapters, which deal with the procedures by which linguists attempt to understand language as a ââ¬Å"whole integrated behavior patternâ⬠. 1. 2The study of Language as a System of Symbols To achieve an understanding of any language, we rely heavily on an examination of our own language. But to put our own language into perspective, we need to contrast it with one or more other languages; for this purpose in this book we will primarily use Japanese. To survey the procedures of a linguist, we may examine any simple utterance, such as ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me where the station is? â⬠This sentence could be pronounced slowly or rapidly, with some effect on the transcription; we may record one utterance of it as 1. 2. 1Historical Linguistics We could study the sentence ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me where the station is? â⬠in two ways, either by examining its construction or the history of its components. If we were interested in a historical approach, we would note the form of the component tell, for example, in order English, which would be Middle English tellen, Old English tellan. We could relate Old English tellan to Old High German zellan, which became New High German zahlen ââ¬Ëcountââ¬Ë, and even to other forms. Through such comparison we would note (1) differences in sound: English t versus German ts; (2) differences in form: English tell with no infinitive; (3) differences in meaning: Contemporary English tell is no longer used with the meaning ââ¬Ëcountââ¬â¢, as the German verb is, though (bank) teller preserves this meaning. The study of the development of language is referred to as historical linguistics. Historical linguistics presupposes a thorough description of the stages of development of the languages being studied. For example, a historical grammar of English is based on descriptive grammars of Old and Middle English as well as New English. Descriptive linguistics is therefore a prerequisite for historical linguistics. 1. 2. 2Descriptive Linguistics Dealing with the sentence ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me where the station is? â⬠we note again the inadequacy of the English spelling system for indicating the actual sounds of the language. On the one hand, the symbol e represents various sounds, as in please, tell, me, where. On the other hand, the same sound is spelled differently, as in please, me; the station. Moreover, there are important signals, such as the variations in stress, indicated by [ââ¬Ë? ~], and in pitch, indicated by, which are not represented in the English spelling system. Accordingly a transcription is essential. For Japanese as shorter comparable sentence is: For the Japanese sentence a transcription is even more essential than for English. Since conventional transliteration systems are close to usable transcriptions, we may follow one of these, the Hepburn system, in citing Japanese. Transliterated according to the principles of the Hepburn system, the sentence reads ââ¬Å"Teishajo wa doko desu kaâ⬠. Comparing these two sentences, we can equate segments in English with those in Japanese. Any such segments that are recorded as independent entities in dictionaries we can call words. Of the English and Japanese segments station corresponds to ââ¬Å"teishajoâ⬠, where to ââ¬Å"dokoâ⬠, and so on. The words station and ââ¬Å"teishajoâ⬠are clearly oral symbols that correspond to things in the world around us. In somewhat the same way, all language consists of symbols. Japanese ââ¬Å"dokoâ⬠ââ¬Ëwhat placeââ¬â¢ is a noun, virtually as concrete as is station. But where we feel is less concrete; we interpret it not as a symbol with reference to things in the world around us but rather with reference to a set of possibilities in the linguistic system. An even less concrete symbol is the English pattern of pitch, as marked by which corresponds to the following contour: This intonation pattern contrasts with others, such as one with a final rise, which corresponds to the following contour: In the contrasting set of English intonations indicates that the speaker is marking a serious statement; indicates that the speaker is making a serious statement; indicates that he is expressing doubt. If someone asks the question ââ¬Å"Where is the stationâ⬠using the intonation pattern, he is seriously concerned with obtaining the information. If he uses the pattern, he shows incredulity; the meaning is? ââ¬ËOr how could you ask me where the station is? (Weââ¬â¢re standing right in front of it. ). ââ¬â¢ The intonation pattern is then a symbol, much like a word. Other symbols are even less concrete, such as word order. The arrangement ââ¬Å"You could tell meâ⬠contrasts with ââ¬Å"Could you tell meâ⬠, and the contrast in order symbolizes different meanings to speakers of English. In this way language consists of symbols, some of which may be readily related to things in the outside world, other merely to other potential patterns in the language. It is through such symbolization that we can use language to communicate. Through symbolization language has meaning. 1. 3Symbols Determined by Relationships We have noted above that the functions of symbols are determinate by their relationships to other entities in the system. The meaning of station is circumscribed by other words possible in the same context: airport, school, supermarket, and so on. The meaning of ââ¬Å"Could you tell meâ⬠is circumscribed by other possible arrangements, such as ââ¬Å"You could tell meâ⬠, and so on. Throughout language the functions of symbols and the significance of linguistic entities are determined by their relationships to other entities in that language. And example from the simplest segment of language, its sound system, may provide an illustration. In English we have a variety of t sounds. Initially before stressed words, as in top, t is followed by a puff air; the typical pronunciation could be transcribed. After s as in stop there is no such puff of air, and the typical pronunciation could be transcribed. In spite of this difference in sounds speakers of English consider the two entities the same; in Chinese or Hindi, on the other hand, and are considered different. Identification in each of these languages results from the interrelationships of the sounds with others in the same language. In English and never occur in the same environment. There is on the one hand no word. (A preceding asterisk is used in linguistic texts to indicate entities that are not attested. ) There is also no English word. In contrast with some languages, such as Chinese and Hindi, the two sounds and never distinguish words in English. For this reason English speakers are not aware of any difference between the ts of top and stop. The two sounds are classed together in one set; they are varying members, or allophones, of the same phoneme, or sound class. The significance of two ts for the speakers results from their relationships in the English sound system rather than from the physical differences themselves. Japanese provides a further illustration. It too has a [t] sound in its phonological system, as we may illustrate with the brusque imperative from mate ââ¬Ëwaitââ¬â¢. But if the t stands before u, as in the indicative matsu, it is followed by an [s], in much the same way that the t of top is followed by an [h]. To understand the Japanese change of [t] to, you can compare the English pronunciation with for nature. For the Japanese the two sounds belong in one class; a Japanese speaker is no more aware of the physical difference between the two sounds and than an English speaker is of the difference between and. Again, the important consideration is relationship. A Japanese speaker always uses before [u], never; on the other hand, he always uses before [e a o], never. What seems different in another language is classed as the same because of relationships. In support of this statement about the patterning of languages we may note the behavior of speakers when they hear a different language. As with many terms referring to sports and recreation, Japanese borrowed touring from British English. Hearing the vowel as u, they interpreted the word as. From within their own phonological system the relationships between [t] and are such that they are exchanged automatically because of the following vowel. These examples of the role of sounds in language may illustrate how a symbolic system has values determined by relationships rather than by physical entities. The relationships, to be sure, are linked to physical entities. But from the externals alone, or, as they are often called, the overt, or surface, phoneme, we do not determine the value or the significance of the entities. Since the value depends on interrelationships that are not obvious on the surface of language, we refer to the essence of language or of any symbolic system as its deep or underlying structure. In examining languages as symbolic systems, comparisons are often made with simple communication systems, such as traffic signals. In these relationships are determined by color: Red means ? stop? , yellow ââ¬Ëcautionââ¬â¢, green ââ¬Ëgoââ¬â¢. Other characteristics of a given system of traffic signals are noncentral: Some systems have red above green; some have a larger lamp for red; the exact hue of red, yellow, or green may vary. Drivers take their signals from none of these nonessentials but rather from the relationships between the three colors; those of longest wavelength are interpreted to mean ? stop? , whether they are exactly 700 millmicrons in length, or whether the number of millimicrons varies slightly. In the same way a speaker of English identifies tin by its difference from pin, kin, thin, sin, and so on. The entities of language that convey meaning are called morphemes, units of from. The values of morphemes are determined by their relationships in any given language. English has a contrast between could and will, which yields a different meaning in ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me? â⬠as opposed to ââ¬Å"Will you tell me? â⬠The meanings may be determined from the patterns in which these morphemes occur. But again, relationships are central. We do not say *Must you please tell me? Although the sequence ââ¬Å"Must you tell me? â⬠is possible. The impossibility is determined by the relationships between please and must, which simply cannot co-occur in questions. It may be difficult to specify the meaning of must and please in order to demonstrate why they cannot co-occur in such sentence. But a native speaker of English simply does not form such a sentence. He knows the possible relationships of each word, and these relationships do not permit such a combined use of must and please in questions. In this way the word relationships determine their meanings. In sum, the meaning of any entity in a symbolic system results from its relationships with other entities; the total of such entities and their values make up a symbolic system used for communication, or a language. As with traffic signals, the reference of the entities is determined by agreement in a social group using the same language. In natural language the agreement results from convention. When we acquire our language, we learn the uses of its morphemes and words. But a symbolic system using other entities and other conventions may also be devised. Examples can be found in the colors of heraldry, which retain their meanings for flags, or in a selection of flowers, which has meaning in literary works such as Shakespeareââ¬â¢s. A simple example is given in Longfellowââ¬â¢s poem on Paul Revere. Two meaningful symbols were prearranged: One lantern in the church tower meant that the enemy was coming by land; two lanterns meant that they were coming by sea. Using lanterns, a symbolic system consisting of two entities, would be cumbersome; after the systemââ¬â¢s single use Revereââ¬â¢s system was maintained only in literary tradition. But for a computer two entities, a positive and a negative charge, permit a sophisticated communication system; for these entities can be manipulated somewhat more readily than lanterns. In this way, symbolic systems of various types may be devised to effectively convey meaning for specific purposes. Human systems, in spite of surface differences that provide obstacles to communication, are alike in using entities of sound in various arrangements to convey meaning. To understand the operation of language, we must apply procedures that permit the discovery and description of, first, the surface structures of language and, second deep structures or underlying principles of language. An introduction to descriptive linguistics must discuss these procedures, although it is chiefly directed at indicating the results obtained in using them and at discovering the principles underlying language as a whole. 1. 4Discovery Procedures of Linguistics In setting out to describe any language, a linguistic collects a sample of data. His usable date make up a corpus, which he then analyzes for its entities of sound, form, and meaning. Since the phonological analysis is simplest to discuss, we deal with it first here to demonstrate linguistic method. In our illustration we may start with the earlier example ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me where the station is? â⬠To determinate entities in a given language, a linguist selects such sentence patterns, or frames, and explores various possible substitutions, for in determining possible substitutions, he determines the significant relationships. In order to be certain of avoiding error, the linguist should use entire sentences, for example, ââ¬Å"Would you please tell meâ⬠versus ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me? â⬠or ââ¬Å"Could they please tell meâ⬠versus ââ¬Å"Would they please tell me? â⬠and so on. But manipulating entire sentences is cumbersome; accordingly linguists generally use single words and look for contrasts among them. They are particularly concerned with pairs of words, such as pin versus bin. Any two words, or sequences, contrasting phonologically in only one item are called a minimal pair. In beginning an analysis of a new language, therefore, a linguist may point to objects, write down the phonological notation for them, and then proceed to describe the system of relationships he has found. Or if the informant, that is, the native speaker, is bilingual and the linguist knows one of the languages, he may use a list of everyday words to elicit the words of the unknown language. A simple substitution English frame may be taken from win. Segmenting from this frame the element ____________in, a linguist may attempt to find all possible sequences of initial consonant. For English he would eventually find the set in Figure 1: Figure 1 Since the initial entities contrast with one another, also in other substitution frames, such as ____at, they may be interpreted to be significant. The frame ______at in Figure 2 would provide further significant entities. Figure 2 As these words and the blank spaces suggest, eventually twenty-four contrasting consonants would be found for English. To describe these, their uses, and the sounds of any language, a linguist must deal with the study of speech sounds in general. This study is known as phonology. If the linguist deal with Arabic, for ââ¬Å"Where is the station? â⬠he might be given the sentence ââ¬Ëthe station where? ââ¬â¢ In this sentence he notes sounds that are not significant in English: [? ], the glottal stop;, a pharyngeal spirant; and the underlined sounds. To be prepared to deal with the sounds encountered in any language, a linguist must have a general understanding of speech sounds. The study of speech sounds is known as phonemics. Phonetics and phonemics make up the two subdivisions of phonology. In addition to sounds and phonemes a linguist looks for contrasts of form in language. An answer to the question ââ¬Å"Could you please tell me where the station is?â⬠might be Take the street over there. Another answer might be: This bus takes you directly to it. Examining such contrasts, a linguist finds sets like take, takes, took, taken, taking and compares them with similar sets, such as pass, passes, passed, passed, passing; sag, sags, sagged, sagged, sagging. Analyzing these, he finds central forms _____take; pass, sag ___and varying elements, for example, s, n, ing. There is a fundamental difference between phonemes and these elements, for the latter carry meaning. We cannot, for example, state meanings for the two elements of win ____w and in. But we can for take, pass, or sag, and for the following s, which has the meaning ââ¬Ëthird person singular subjectââ¬â¢. Such entities that have meaning are called morphs; a class of morphs is a morpheme. For example, {Z} is the third singular present morpheme in English. Morphemes may have varying members, or allomorphs, like in passes, [S] in takes, and [Z] in sags. In studying the morphemes of language we must determine the entities and their arrangements. As for such study in phonology, we find suitable frames and determine entities that may occur in them, for example: A machine chose the chords. An accompanist chose the chords. A director chose the chords A machine chooses the chords. I choose the chords. Clearly, a language contains many more morphemes than phonemes. The study of morphemes is therefore highly complex. Various labels have also been given to the study of morphemes and their arrangements. The study of the forms themselves is often called morphology but also morphemics. The study of the arrangements of morphemes, words, and phrases in sentences is called syntax. A name used by some linguists for referring to both is grammar. But there are problems with these labels. The terms ââ¬Å"grammarâ⬠is widely used to include phonology as well as morphology and ââ¬Å"syntaxâ⬠. For some linguists the two labels seem to have separated forms and their arrangements unnecessarily. Some linguists then use the name ââ¬Å"syntaxâ⬠as a label for both the study of forms and their arrangements. Because of these differences in usages, students will have to determine the use of these terms among individual linguists. In this book ââ¬Å"grammarâ⬠will be used as a general term to embrace the study of sounds, or phonology, and forms, or morphology, andà their arrangements, or syntax. Morphology, as is traditional, will refer to two types of study of forms: inflection, which deals with the changes in large closely structured sets of words, such as the parts of speech; and derivation, which deals with smaller, less readily definable sets, for example, retake, takeoff, and so on. The elements detached and described in phonology are merely markers of meaning; those detached and described in morphology are carriers of meaning. Additional procedures are necessary to deal with meaning. These procedures are traditionally applied to words, which are defined for their meaning and listed in dictionaries or lexicons. Yet dictionaries primarily list synonyms, defining one word in terms of another, for example, horse as ââ¬ËEquus-caballusââ¬â¢, or where appropriate, though illustrations. Websterââ¬â¢s Third New International Dictionary includes illustrations to help define horse and other selected items, such as soup plate. But the illustrations are limited; there is none, for instance, for antelope. And for some words, for example, abstraction, dictionaries would fins illustrations difficult. Moreover, dictionaries do not deal with meanings conveyed through differences in intonation, for example, Horse? Horse! To deal with meaning in a general way, as is done with sounds, some universal criteria must be devised, such as features of meaning found in many languages. Some features of meaning are animateness or nonanimateness, human or nonhuman, male or female, and so on. If semantic features like these were used in definitions, users of a dictionary would not need to know the language for which it is written to determine meanings. The dictionary would accordingly be more general but also more abstract than are contemporary dictionaries. Semantic analysis for features parallels widely used phonological study of this kind, but it is just in its beginnings. We do not yet know whether there is a set of semantic features that universal in all languages. When such analyses, whether for sounds, forms, or meanings, are carried out, they must be done separately for each language. We have noted that corresponds to a phoneme in Chinese and Hindi, but in English it is only a variant of /t/ before stressed vowels. As another example we may note Italian . This is found in Italian before [g] as in lungo ââ¬Ëlongââ¬â¢ _____compare the in longer _____before [k] as in banca ___compare the in bank _____but not in other environments. Elsewhere, [n] is found. Accordingly in Italian is a variant of /n/. Its position in the Italian phonological system may be illustrated from the behavior of Italian speakers learning English. English words ending in, such as long and bang seem impossible for them, so they pronounce them with final [g], that is. To maintain the they moodily its phonological environment so that it is the same as in Italian. An example from syntax to illustrate the necessity of analyzing each language for its structure may be supplied by German. In German the sentence I see your car is ââ¬Å"Ich sehe Ihren Wagenâ⬠. Comparing the two, one may assume that in both languages the verb (see and sehe) follows the subject when the latter is initial in sentences. But from modified forms of the sentence, such as I often see his car and If I see his car, the different syntactic principle of German becomes clear, for these sentences must read ââ¬Å"Oft sehe ich seinen Wagenâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Wenn ich seinen Wagen seheâ⬠. These sentences demonstrate that the principles of word order in German are quite different from those in English; the position of the verb is not related to that of the subject but rather to other possible entities in clauses. In German independent declarative clauses the verb stands in second place, but in German subordinative clauses, it stands at the end. Accordingly the arrangement if the forms, and their significance, must be determined separately for English and German, as for every other language. Each language must be investigated independently for its patters of syntax as well as its phonological characteristics. Similarly, meaning relationships must be determined separately for each language. English know corresponds to German ââ¬Å"kennenâ⬠when it has an animate object, to ââ¬Å"wissenâ⬠when it has an inanimate object, and to ââ¬Å"konnenâ⬠when the object is a skill, like a language. We cannot equate English know with these, just as we cannot equate English with Italian. Because of this property of language, we must analyze each language in terms of its own structure. 1. 5Formulation of Results: Display of Description In the course of the study of language the formulation of descriptions has become increasingly compact and precise. Before the development of linguistics sounds of language were often presented in alphabetical order in grammars in the Western tradition. But contemporary descriptions of language follow a linguistic format. Vowels are not listed in the sequence a, e, I, o, u but rather in accordance with a chart reflecting their linguistic significance. The consonants also are presented in accordance with their articulation: the labials p and b, dentals t and d, velars k and g, and so on, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 for _____in and ______at. Similarly, the syntax of a language is presented systematically and compactly. Rather than discursive statements like ââ¬Å"A sentence is made up of a subject and a predicateâ⬠, a compact formula may be given, for example:. These formulas are called rules. For the initiated they make a description very precise; the symbolization, however, must be mastered, particularly the abbreviations and the use of signs to indicate relationships. Such grammatical formats may resemble mathematical essays. Yet the information in the rules, however compact, simply corresponds to descriptions presented in more discursive grammars. Far more fundamental than such externals is the underlying design of a grammar. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-76026358681848434222020-01-22T14:41:00.001-08:002020-01-22T14:41:01.818-08:00Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay example -- Education Teaching EStatement of Educational Goals and Philosophy My desire to become a teacher began while I was in junior high school however; my family, friends, and coaches basically turned me against it. They said it was a jobless market with no future. At that age, those people were very impressionable on my decisions, and because of this I became disillusioned about my career, and at that point I just knew I wanted to attend college. Once in college, I found my niche in the social sciences. I love reading and learning about history, psychology, religion, politics, government, social issues, and diverse cultures. I was able to double major in the fields of history and geography while gaining a minor in political science. My intention was to attend law school. Then I meet the woman that would become my wife. She has changed my life. My wife will be an elementary school teacher and she opened my eyes to the joy and appreciation of teaching. If there has been an inspiration in my decision to become teacher, my wife has been it. A lawyer makes the money, but where is the integrity. I wanted to do something in life that I could be proud of doing. Teaching makes a difference in society, and is definitely a noble profession. The purpose of public education is preparing the student for life. Rousseau says, ââ¬Å"We are born with a blank slate and life is a constant learning experience.â⬠Throughout a life time the human mind is constantly filled with information. As educators we must believe that we are making an impact on a life; that we are making a difference. We must pass on knowledge to a younger generation so they can improve society. Education is the key to success, and all teachers are a contributing factor to an individualââ¬â¢s succ... ...lthough middle school age requires special attention because that is a time of so many changes in the childââ¬â¢s life, I still am prepared for the challenge. If I can help children gain knowledge I have succeeded regardless of age. Eventually, I would like to gain a doctorate in history or theology. I think partly because of a thirst for knowledge, and partly because I come from a family of ministers. Religion has been an interest and a large part of my life. Perhaps, I could even become a part-time college professor. For now, I think secondary social studies needs me more. Teachers play a large role in a childââ¬â¢s life. They must fulfill many roles. The role of a teacher is not just to educate. A teacher has the opportunity to be a positive role model. I want to have a positive effect on as many students as possible, but even just a few can be reward enough for me. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-76574966106247460742020-01-14T11:04:00.001-08:002020-01-14T11:04:04.714-08:00Comparative Essay â⬠Macbeth EssayBoth texts, William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth and Shakespeare retold: Macbeth directed by Mark Brozel contains parallel themes and subtle differences in concerning matters like purpose, context and language. Both texts thoroughly explore Macbeths unlawful rise to power and his inevitable downfall. With power he becomes corrupt, a bloodthirsty tyrant and a victim of his own success and the use of imagery, language and stagecraft in the play infuse to create malevolent and malicious image of Macbeth. With the ideas of manipulation and ambition, he becomes ruthless, and his vision is fogged with ambition. This idea of ambition ultimately determines the fate of the texts characters. The statement ââ¬Å"power is the catalyst for corruptionâ⬠is clearly suitable for Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth. In act one scene 3, Macbeth meets the three witches; from this moment in the play onwards, Macbeth has an insatiable lust for power. The supernatural element of the use of witches to expose the Macbeth and Banquoââ¬â¢s prophecies builds on the idea of darkness and supernatural both representing the imagery of evil. The witches reveal to Macbeth he will become ââ¬Å"thane of glamisâ⬠, ââ¬Å"thane of Cawdorâ⬠and the last shocks him the most ââ¬Å"all hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafterâ⬠. Banquo was also revealed a prophecy that he will be ââ¬Å"not so happy, yet much happierâ⬠and ââ¬Å"thou shalt get kings, though thou be noneâ⬠. Banquo continues to warn Macbeth ââ¬Å"oftentimes to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths.â⬠This demonstrating Banquoââ¬â¢s lack of ambition as he takes no more thought about the prophecies revealed. Although for Macbeth, develop an indecisive mind, conflicting against his conscience. Macbeth reveals ââ¬Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambitionâ⬠revealing that he cannot spur himself into action, but his only motive for murdering the king is hisââ¬Ë vaulting ambitionââ¬â¢ to have the prophecy true. Macbethââ¬â¢s ambition fuels his thirst for power. Similarly in the Shakespeare Macbeth Retold, the exploration of supernatural themes is revealed through the three garbage collectors who reveal similar prophecyââ¬â¢s to Joe that the restaurant will have 3 michellen stars and that the restaurant will become his. The supernatural and imagery of evil are portrayed through the film through the use of low lighting and mysteriousà sound effects foreshadowing evil and mysterious elements. Like the play the garbage menââ¬â¢s prophecies ignite Joeââ¬â¢s ambition to take over the restaurant and have him recognized as head chef. Although Billy, resembling the character of Banquo, explains to Joe ââ¬Å"it doesnââ¬â¢t matter that no one knows itââ¬â¢s us, we no, thatââ¬â¢s all that mattersâ⬠this revealing billy to be a much more simple, honest and harmless character, who unlike Macbeth and his wife did not challenge his own fate, therefore did not corrupt himself. He did not allow other forces to interrupt his ambition s, leaving the characters of Billy and Banquo to determine their own fate. Therefore proving that the ambitions of these characters throughout both texts, has an effect of whether they become corrupt or not. Furthermore another theme thoroughly explored hand in hand with ambition is that of manipulation causing the possibility of corruption. Throughout the play, Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s manipulation is demonstrated through Shakespeareââ¬â¢s use of antithesis, where something such as Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s innocent baby is compared to a murderous deed. The use of antithesis highlights the extremities and persuades Macbeth into the foolish act of murdering the King. Although in the Shakespeare Retold, although Ella is seen manipulating Joe into the crime claiming, ââ¬Å"you do this and we win everythingâ⬠, her demise is clearly represented through the use of symbolism in the film. Ellaââ¬â¢s earlier acts of manipulation were fuelled by her ambition for Joe to run the restaurant. Although after the crime has been perpetrated, she begins a slow slide into madness. In various scenes she is seen to be vigorously scrubbing her hands clean. Symbolic of her regret as she tries to escape t he reality of her actions. Her sensitivity becomes a weakness, and she is unable to cope. Signaling her total inability to deal with the legacy of their crimes, and the film shows her jumping from the restaurant rooftop, proving her corruption. Another example of manipulation also comes from theme of the supernatural in the garbage collectors who assured Joe a sense of security proclaiming, ââ¬Å"Pigs will fly before anything happens to youâ⬠, eluding Joe to the belief that he was untouchable. His first signs of corruption are represented in the kitchen where he becomes angry and demonstrates qualities of insanity,à yelling at fellow chefs reminding them ââ¬Å"whose the head chef here?â⬠ââ¬Å"I run this kitchen, mine is the only voiceâ⬠. This demonstrating Joeââ¬â¢s new use of power. Similarly in the play the three witches return to Macbeth, with three apparitions. The first warning him of Macduff, the second, reassures his power, and the third explains he shall never be vanquished until Birham wood comes upon Dunsinane. The witches for a second time had manipulated Macbeth into believing he to be invincible and that no body can harm him. Thus causing Macbeth to view people merely as removable objects in his ultimate conquest for victory, as he continues to murder his best friend Banquo and Macduffââ¬â¢s family. This proving that Macbeth being crowned king, has caused him to become even more bloodthirsty and is able to dispose of people without consulting lady Macbeth, proving his corruption leading to his eventual death. In conclusion, throughout both texts, the characters ambitions ignite there crave for power. For the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, it is obvious by their actions that they became blinded by their ambition for power and authority, leaving them corrupt. Therefore proving power to be a catalyst for corruption. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-82410129042647546672020-01-06T07:28:00.001-08:002020-01-06T07:28:02.130-08:00Acct 3708 Lecture Pdf - 1701 Words University of New South Wales School of Accounting Auditing and Assurance Services 2013 LECTURE 1 Introduction to the Audit Function Assurance Framework Australian Corporate Audits Auditing Standards Lecture Overview â⬠¢ Announcements â⬠¢ Overview course requirements â⬠¢ Introduction to the course ââ¬â Assurance ââ¬â Auditing ââ¬â Legal requirements ââ¬â Auditing standards Announcements â⬠¢ 1. Tutorial Allocation ââ¬â Once classes are full no more will be admitted ââ¬â No new classes will be scheduled ââ¬â Staff-assisted changes â⬠¢ Will be allowed for exceptional circumstances only; and only where the class is not already at maximum size â⬠¢ 2. Student email address â⬠¢ used for course announcements including offer of supplementary finalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¢ (Framework for Assurance Engagements para 21) Absolute Assurance â⬠¢ Absolute assurance can never be provided because of: ââ¬â The nature of accounting: â⬠¢ Valuation issues, â⬠¢ Accounting policy choice and judgments, â⬠¢ Contingent items, ââ¬â Time and cost of evidence collection and evaluation. Reasonable Assurance â⬠¢ Reasonable assurance is a high but not absolute level of assurance â⬠¢ The conclusion is expressed in a positive form ââ¬â The financial statements are true and fair. â⬠¢ An audit engagement provides a reasonable level of assurance. â⬠¢ The opinion is expressed in an audit report. Limited Assurance â⬠¢ Limited assurance is a lower level of assurance than reasonable assurance. ââ¬â The actual level of assurance depends upon the nature of the procedures that are carried out. â⬠¢ The conclusion is expressed in a negative form ââ¬â Nothing has come to our attention to suggest that the financial statements are not true and fair. â⬠¢ A review engagement provides a limited level of assurance. Auditing â⬠¢ The American Accounting Association (AAA) has defined auditing as: ââ¬â A systematic process of objectively wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-85664125418722108022019-12-29T03:52:00.001-08:002019-12-29T03:52:02.803-08:00A Devastative Gulf War - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 970 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Iraq War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Iran-Iraq war, also known as the Gulf War lasting from 1980 until 1988 caused a lot of devastation for all countries involved. There were over 500,000 causalities combined. It was the beginning of chemical weapons being used in the middle east. This war embraced western intervention and encouraged foreign policy change. The conflict began when Iraq was greedy for more oil, and wanted to take over the oil industry in the middle east. Iraq wanted to conquer more territory in order to have easier access to the gulf. Therefore, they decided to attempt to neutralize Iran, their neighbor. Iraqs president at this time was Sadaam hussein . He lacked military experience, he did not use strong sustainable military tactics, executed many generals, and over estimated the power and strength of his army. Iraq invaded Iran in seven different areas, all areas strategically decided. The tacts that Iraq used were successful in smaller areas, but proved to be not as successful in large citifies. Iraq invaded Iran with a five to one military power ratio and used very advanced weapons at first. After just 48 hours, Iran began to fight back. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Devastative Gulf War" essay for you Create order This attack was shortly after the Iranian revolution. This is one reason that Iraq decided to attack Iran. Unfortunately for Iraq, Iran was stronger than ever after the revolution, and people came together to fight against their countrys enemy. Iran used local civilian resistance at first, and did not rely on advanced weaponry. Iranians began a self sacrifice war. Citizens of all ages joined the military, and although they lacked training, their love for the country proved to be enough. Irans president was Hewhemi Rafsajani. This man was recruited from the military and had gained a lot of respect during and after the revolution. Rafsanjani could n to only simplify complex military tactics, but he was also thought to be a genius. In 1985, the war of cities began. The war of cities consisted on both Iran and Iraq firing missiles into each others population, and on August 12, 1986, Iraq bombed Irans oil-loading facilities. After only a short period of time Iraq realized that Iran was begging to win. In order for Iraq to retain its pride it voluntarily backed out of the territories it had conquered on January 6, 1987. This was not carried through, and Iraqs president was proven guilty for the same thing that he executed many generals for. Fake claims and lies. After this, the war only got more bloody. Iraq became desperate and started using chemical weapons. This was not only a shock to Iran, but also to the rest of the entire World. No-one could comprehend the amount of devastation these weapons could bring, and were scared of the future with them. The chemicals that were used in this deadly attack were soon after found to be made in Iraq, being overseen by the president himself. These chemical weapons were extremely deadly, the most devastating was the skull missile that was brought from Russia, this one devastated over 350 miles after being fired, along with over 5,000 people in some instances from a singular bombing. Many people all over the World were shocked at the use of these deadly weapons. Iraq not only used them against their enemies ruthlessly, but these weapons also killed Iraqs own people in the process. This war began affecting civilians areas and land almost more than just warfare areas. Civilians fled from all over to find safe places for their families. Thousands of civilians on both sides were killed and injured. Towards the middle of the war is when Kurdistan got involved. Kurdistan is a place in Northern Iran. Iran supplied the Kurdish with supplies to fight against Iraq, also their long time enemy. Iran used the Guerrilla groups to fight against Iraq, and this was very impactful for Iran against Iraq . The war in the North against the Kurds was solely about Oil for Iraq. Iraq wanted complete control of the industry, and to take over any competitors. The United States got involved as soon as they saw the industry being put in jeopardy. Not only does the United States rely heavily on the Middle Eastern Oil Industry, but so does Russia. Both the United States and the Soviet Union have strong militaries and a reason to step in to the War. Ronald Reagan, the United States President at the time announced action to protect the oil shipping through the gulf. The United States did not want the soviets to have control of the Oil Industry, and therefore stepped in to help Iraq. The United States rena med and rebranded the Kuratt ships. This signaled to Iran that their previous advantage in the war was soon to be over. The Americans made effort to sink Iranian ships, and the war soon began to be solely in the Gulf. A mass casualty occurred when Iran accidentally fired a missile at a passenger jet carrying over 290 civilians. There were no survivors. Sadam Hussein announced victory to his people using over 100 billion dollars in weaponry and parading it through streets. On July 20th, 2988, the UN Security Council unanimously voted for a cease-fire, known as Resolution 598. After nearly two years of continuing conflicts, on August 15, Hussein offered a peace settlement to Iran. This ended the devastation that had lasted eight years. In conclusion, long lasting war between many different powerful countries did not end with victory, but with loss. With civilian and military deaths on all sides involved, all countries were left worse off than they were before the fighting began. The world was shocked not only from the use of chemical weapons and mass casualties, but also from the amount of carelessness and lack of respect for human life. At the end of the war, the United States prepared for the unknown unexpected, and for the dreaded continuation of the gulf war. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-6152563325409104532019-12-20T23:39:00.001-08:002019-12-20T23:39:02.501-08:00The On The Constitution, Is It Possible For Individuals 5 Paragraph Argument Essay Outline Based on the Constitution, is it possible for individuals in society to achieve quality? Introduction paragraph a. Hook: Creative Opening (quote, rhetorical question, historical event) There has been a lot talk on equality,How can we achieve equality as society together? b. Overview of your issue: What is your stance (give a brief summary) I believe that we can achieve equality as a society. Equality is something we should all have, equality is the state of being equal,especially is status,rights and opportunities. c. Explain how there is convincing evidence that equality is possible- use historical video Literature readings andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Yes we can achieve equality because we are advancing in every way, for example in schools we are giving children the right to express themselves, and other people are standing up for them. Women can vote now and our president has given them the right to get paid more. We are advancing in equality. Body Paragraph #1: Argue your claim using the first area of evidence. a. Topic Sentence: relates to your thesis For a very long time, women were not allowed to vote because they were just women, they were not ââ¬Å"capableâ⬠for the things men could do. b. Concrete Detail #1: from a source to back you up Amendment 19th gives the right to women to vote. Before women could not vote just because they were women. It is not equality! Now that the 19th amendment is established it gives rights to women so they have some sort of equality. c. Commentary/Explanation #1: How did the detail prove your point? Think about how if no women could the population of men voting. We probably wouldnââ¬â¢t even have the presidents we do now (after the amendment was established) . Women give a whole new meaning, we also have the right to do what most men do. We would most likely not get the paid th same we do, we would be less than everyone else as least as the men. d. Commentary/Explanation #2: How did the detail prove your point? It proved my point by the world/ the untied states wouldnââ¬â¢t be the same. Everything would change that would have to do with equality and women wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3339749830324241034.post-8727361869208766902019-12-12T20:08:00.001-08:002019-12-12T20:08:02.980-08:00Taxation - Theory - Practice & Law Capital Gain Question: Discuss about theTaxation,Theory,Practice Lawfor Capital Gain. Answer: Introduction The report centers on the detail analysis of Freds overall net capital gain covering the various related transactions, noted after his involvement in the purchase of his holiday house. The study basically denotes the importance of learning the required laws of calculation in order to understand the concepts of overall net gain and net loss. Fred, the example of study in this report, demands the understanding of law as the home functions, development, and renovation comes under the Australians law of government strategies which even includes other taxation laws as per the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1977. This is done to make computation (Mertens, 1942). Concerning with the net capital gain or loss of Fred, the report personally evaluates and analyses the various facts and figures relating to the explanation to set the capital loss/gain method. Here it is important to note that, there are transactions that do not follow the computational method of capital research. The term computati on is imperative to understand as the concepts of net capital gain/loss and superannuation adopts the computation functionality (Graetz Schenk, 2009). Every layout is basically based on the computation tool. Computation definition hence is described by various tax and law scholars with each definition carrying specific application for different purposes and situation. Superannuation is the process of accumulating or gathering funds from the people to give them at the time retirement (Cronin et al., 2013). Calculation of Capital Gain for Fred Computation Of Capital Gain For FRED For The Year Ended On 30 June Particulars Amount (in$) Total Amount (in $) Add: #Proceeds of selling holiday home in the current year 800,000.00 Less: Cost Base of holiday home in 1987 100,000.00 700,000.00 Less: Total legal fees 2100.00 697900.00 Add: Cost base of garage 20,000 717900.00 Less: Cost of garage after indexation 20000*123.4/71.3 34,614.30 683,285.70 Less: Agent commission 9900.00) 673,385.70 Less: Stamp duty payable on acquisition (2000.00) 671,385.70 Less: Previous Year Capital Loss Deduction (10,000.00) Total capital gain 661,385.70 Less: 50% discount for using property for more than 12 months (330692.85) Net capital gain 330692.85 Exceptions and Exemptions: As mentioned above, there are certain values or transactions that do not obey the capital gain or capital loss concept. So, here various examples are quoted in order to the get a clear idea of what are these values. Examples like reimbursement requested for any specific illness or injury, assets that are required before 20 September 1985, people having personal asset of $ 10,000. These examples are the values or the asset that are considered disdain if implemented. Cars, vehicles or motorcycle, again cannot be included in the capital profit/loss category and is disdained if owned for 10,000 or less (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). Other examples like the collection of items like painting worth $500 or less is not counted under the computation, various items like family homes that are detached from the original housing. What will be the answer if there is a sale of an antique vase? What about the answer if the loss is resulted from the sale of an antique vase. Well, if my analysis is concerned, Fred faces an utter loss because of his selling of the antique vase (Musgrave, 1969). This conclusion is deriving from the subtraction of the loss received by the sale of shares, which Fred intended for his personal or private use and hence his net capital is more than $ 10,000. An Overall Analysis on the Fringe Benefits and Fringe Benefits Tax It is now a known fact that the tax is a resultant of fringe benefit which indeed sets the introduction and importance of fringe benefit analysis. This report gives a detail account of the fringe benefit and fringe benefit tax including various context and discussions by different scholars. Fringe benefits cover the additional benefit that increases the employees salary. Subsidized meal, company car, health insurance and more are the distinct examples. Fringe Benefit anyway is described with various point of analysis (Vickrey, 1947). As per the employer point of view, Fringe benefit is considered as a free partner and contractor resting between two employees where in certain cases the tax is let off. These are few examples of fringe benefit under the taxation sanction (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). The fair market cost is included for all those receive fringe benefit tax, in that year. Fringe Benefit also gives advantage to the employee, their family and the acquaintances (Rowley, Tolliso n Tullock, 2013). This extra amount is added to the wage package or salary. Fringe benefit, unlike the income tax, is assessed every year from 1st April to 31st March. The fringe benefits tax (FBT), in Australia, is regulated by the Australian Fringe Benefit Tax Act, 1988. The FBT anyways, in the recent few years is classified into different sections, mentioned below: Expense payment fringe benefits Debt waiver fringe benefits Housing fringe benefits Loan fringe benefits Car parking fringe benefits Board fringe benefits Living away from home allowance fringe benefits Residual fringe benefits Property fringe benefits including the goods, property or shares Living Away From Home Fringe Benefits Living away from home, shortly addressed as LAFTA, is the allowances provided for living away from the original residence. The employer, in this case, gives the employee some benefit for staying away from the home for his personal duties. But the strategy sometime encounters disadvantages (Musgrave, 1969). Property Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employee receives a discounted property from the employer, which is clearly seen in the case of Emma. Emma purchases a bathtub of cost $1300 whose actual market value is $2600. By this, she gets a discount of 50% from the company (Willis, Pennell Postlewaite, 2006). Board Fringe Benefits In Board Fringe Benefit, the employees are given with the permission relating to the two required meal of the day and accommodation (Blum Kalven, 1978). Housing Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employee is provided with the right over the accommodation and rents or even license. The employee attains the residential rights, as the strategy grants the unit as a whole (Blum Kalven, 1978). Debt Waiver Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employer lets off the employee from paying the debt. Car Parking Fringe Benefit Well, the application and utility of this benefit can arise in different situations like: if a car is parked in the area of the employer or if car parking exceeds the time frame like 7am to 7pm, in case if the car is parked in the employees place of work, if employment considered for granting a parking, is there is a commercial area available within 1 km radius of the employee work area or if the employee manages the car (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). Car Fringe Benefit In case of car fringe benefit, the employee receives a car either he has rented for his personal use or of his own asset. Expense Fringe Benefit In this type of benefit, the employer gives a certain amount to the employee to pay it to the third party and if not made, this will make the employee answerable or else the employee will recompense the expanses met in the end. Emma receives the advantage from the fringe benefit from the compensation for the vehicle and hence qualifies the expenses from it Loan Fringe Benefits Here the employee gets a loan that is at less interest rate that that of existing banks. For Emma, she got a loan of $500000 at 4.5% interest which is not like that accrued by existing banks. As FBT is taken, this is 47% rate (Friedman et al, 2000). FBT Consequences for the Company Car receives the fringe benefit and is given to Emma for her personal use according to the provision of FBTA, s 7. Depending on the cost basis strategies and other additional information, the constitutional methods are used here: Taxable value = (0.2 * $33,000 x 330/365) = $5,967 Base value = cost of the car Number of days car provided as fringe benefit = 330 (car listed for annual repairs and the car is unavailable for personal use. Accessibility of the car until Emma gives it to her employee, parked at airport. Emma receives no recipient for the reimbursement for the expenses. Repayment of Emmas motor vehicle expenses This is excused under FTBA, s 53 but is adapted for the expense payment fringe. Loan of $500,000 Provision of the loan is a loan fringe benefit: FBTAA, Div 4 Taxable value = $500,000 x (5.95% - 4.45%) x (212/365) = $4,356 NB: As Emma does not use loan for earning assessable income, no reduction is attained for tax under deductible rule. Purchase of bathtub for $1,300 Bathtubs are sold under the ordinary business plan of Periwinkle: FBTA, Division 11 as bathtub are considered as house fringe property. The taxable value of the bathtub is reduced by $1, 3000 for recipients payment of $650. Bathtubs are manufactured and distributed by Periwinkle to the public in the ordinary course business, hence the taxable cost= 75% x $2,600, which is in fact the lowest price sold to the public which equal to $1,950. Since the bathtub belongs to the house fringe benefit, the taxable value is decreased below s 62 FTBA considering as no other in-house advantage to the Emma in that year. After subtracting the taxable value from each fringe benefit, it is important to find out the Type/Type2 declaration of the fringe benefit. Car = Type 1 fringe benefit (as the amount is GST comprehensive and supposition is done about Periwinkle being unrestricted to input tax credits) Loan = Type 2 fringe benefit (it is a financial supply; therefore no GST is applicable) Assume that taxable value of bathtub is reduced to 0. Fringe benefits taxable amount = ($5,967x 2.0802) + ($4,356x 1.8868) = $12,413+ $8,219 = $20,632. Fringe benefits tax liability = 47% x $20,632 = $9,697 Therefore, Periwinkle must pay FBT of $9,697 in relation to the above items. What will be the Answer if Emma Purchases the Shares by Herself? The variation in the answer is expected. If Emma buys all the shares by herself by the means of $50,000 loan amount, then the cost will be used to produce income. It is because they take the dividends from the organization that is profitable and gets the amount of deduction from the equivalent interest rate. Loan fringe benefit, in this case gets lower by 10% ($50,000/$ 50,000) according to the deductible rule proposed under s 19 of the FBT Act. Conclusion and Suggestions After reading the study, it must be clear by now that the analysis of the case of the Periwinkle Company and Emma, the benefits received by Emma comes from the company. It has to pay under benefit tax which is directly exposed according to this advantage. Well, it quite evident that Fringe benefit has offered standard jobs to the employer. But it is matter of fact that the workers will certainly perform well if motivated properly, thoroughly, and continually (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). This why FBT must not anyway discourage the employees as it has a direct effect on their psychology and performance. FBT stress results in the discouragement of the employee affecting the work and leading to quitting of job and absenteeism. This will have a greater affect on the overall countrys economic condition and low income availability over the tax. As productivity encouragement persuades productivity, fringe benefit is given in order to motivate and encourage the employees to carefully allow the e mployee to keep good price at hand (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). This conceptual analysis on the case has resulted in the clear conclusion of the understanding of the term of capital gain/loss. The examples quoted are an attempt to make the basics apt and clear. The readers must correlate with the set examples and situations, to perform and adopt the meaning of the terms productively. References Areeda, P., Kaplow, L. and Edlin, A.S., 1988.Antitrust Analysis: problems, text, cases(p. 160). Boston: Little, Brown. Bittker, B.I. and Rahdert, G.K., 1976. The exemption of nonprofit organizations from federal income taxation.The Yale Law Journal,85(3), pp.299-358. Blum, W.J. and Kalven, H., 1978.The uneasy case for progressive taxation. University of Chicago Press. Friedman, E., Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D. and Zoido-Lobaton, P., 2000. Dodging the grabbing hand: the determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries.Journal of public economics,76(3), pp.459-493. Graetz, M.J. and Schenk, D.H., 2009.Federal Income Taxation: Principles and Policies. Foundation Press. Handler, J., 1978. Social movements and the legal system.New York: Academic. Hogg, P.W., 2007.Constitutional law of Canada. Thomson Carswell. Kerwin, C.M. and Furlong, S.R., 1994.Rulemaking: How government agencies write law and make policy(Vol. 999). CQ Press. Mertens, J., 1942.Law of Federal Income Taxation(Vol. 10). Callaghan. Musgrave, P.B., 1969.United States taxation of foreign investment income: Issues and arguments. Harvard Univ Harvard Law School. Paul, R.E., 1954.Taxation in the United States. Rowley, C., Tollison, R.D. and Tullock, G. eds., 2013.The political economy of rent-seeking(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Surrey, S.S. ed., 1972.Federal income taxation: cases and materials(Vol. 1). Foundation Press. Vickrey, W.S., 1947.Agenda for progressive taxation. The Ronald Press Company. Willis, A.B., Pennell, J.S. and Postlewaite, P.F., 2006.Partnership taxation. Wright, C.A., 1970.Handbook of the Law of Federal Courts. West Pub. Co.. wendywilliams1911http://www.blogger.com/profile/03837285044222136249noreply@blogger.com0